THE TRUMPET LEAF-MINER OF THE APPLE. 29 



at no tiinc exposed. The act of leaving the egg is verv deliberate, 

 and ma}' occupy ten or t\veh'(> hours before (he body is completely 

 out of the shell and into the mine. Feeding altei'nates with resting, 

 the larva often working backwards out of the mine into the egg- 

 shell, where it may rest for half an hour or more. The mines arc 

 at first but little wider than the width of the insect and are lined with 

 silk from the start. Progress at first is sIoav, the larva i:)roceeding 

 :d)out twice its length during the twenty-fonj- hours following the 

 breaking of the eggshell. After a few days, however, it feeds nnicli 

 more vigorously and soon widens the mine in the course of its feeding. 

 Of the larvae which hatched the morning of .\ugust 8, 12 out of the 

 15 under observation pupated during the night of August ^o, this 

 stage therefore lasting approximately eighteen days; and the moths 

 from these pupa? mostly emerged by the morning of September 2. 

 one emerging the morning of August 30, making for the life cycle 

 about thirty-three days. Moths kept in confinement without food 

 lived for about tAvo days. According to Chambers, the larva^ molt 

 five times, and there are no marked differences either in coloi- or 

 structure between the larvcT at different stages of growth. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



The trumpet leaf-miner is evidently a native species, its original 

 food j)lants probably being species of Crataegus and wild Pyrus. It 

 has been recorded from Xew York, Texas, Illinois, and Michigan. 

 The material on which Clemens based his description was probably 

 from Pennsylvania, and the observations of Chambers made in Ken- 

 tucky indicate its occurrence in that State. Records of this Bureau 

 show it to occur in South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, Pennsyl- 

 vania, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, Massachusetts, Missouri, 

 Arkansas, and Nebraska, and at Ottawa. Canada. 



PARASITES. 



This miner is freely parasitized. At Ithaca, Dr. Brunn bred from 

 it Sympicsis Uthocolletidu How. and Astkluis ti^iclwphi' How. The 

 former species has been bred from this insect at Champaign, 111., bv 

 Weed, and Elasmus pullatus Howard is doubtfully recorded from 

 this species from ISIissouri. At different times during the season of 

 1005, at Washington, D. C., infested apple leaves were placed in jars, 

 and the following species were secured, some of which probably are 

 secondary parasites: Vrogastev thcheiw Ashm., ^Syinplesis nigro- 

 femofd Ashm.. Ilorismenvs popenoei Ashm., CJa.sterocei'N.s trifasriatd 

 Westw., Eitloplutu n. sp.. ZagroDiosoma inuli'ilhicdfn Ashm.. and a 

 variety of this species. A species near Phygadeon was reared, and 

 one near, if not identical with, ('irro.spilus fii(rl,}i,t,is Kiley. 



