30 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



TREATMENT. 



When excessively abundant, as has been the case in several localities 

 (luring the past two or three years, the injury done by the larva^ in 

 the leaves will cause many of these to fall prematurely, interfering: 

 with the proper development of the fruit and the health of the tree, 

 and its control, therefore, becomes a matter of importance. This 

 can perhaps best be accomplished b}^ plowing the orchard in the 

 spring, covering as nu'ich as possible all fallen leaves and trash, as in 

 the former the larvie pass the winter, and it is practically certain that 

 the moths will not be able to make their escape from the soil. This 

 w^ork should be done not later than the blooming period of the trees, 

 to insure covering up the infested leaves before any early-emerging 

 moths escape. As this method of control involves no extra labor ■ 

 not requisite in proper orchard treatment, this species, which has but 

 recently attracted attention as a pest of the apple orchards, is not to 

 be regarded as a serious pest of the apple in the sense that it will 

 require independent treatment. 



After the insect has become established in orchards, and its im- 

 mediate conti'ol appears necessary, a thorough spraying of infested 

 trees with 1*2 or 15 per cent kerosene emulsion made in the usual way 

 Avould no doubt result in the destruction of the larvje and pupa^ in the 

 mines in the leaves, and possibly also of the eggs scattered over the 

 foliage. Such work, hoAvever, should be done on clear, bright days, 

 to lessen as much as possible danger of injury to the foliage from the 

 spray. Tests of a kerosene lime emulsion alone, and with Bordeaux 

 mixture and Paris green, have been reported by Prof. C. P. Close, 

 formerly of the Delaware College Agricultural Experiment Station, 

 in Bulletin 7?> of that institution. In the experience of Professor 

 Close, applications in early August of 10 and 15 per cent kerosene 

 lime emulsions, with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, were quite 

 etl'ective in killing larva^ and pupa^ in the leaves. Applications of 

 kerosene lime emulsions in September on the succeeding brood were 

 not so successful in killing the insects, and the apple foliage was 

 injured, jiossibly on account of its weakened condition following the 

 work of the jiiiners. 



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