40 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



row of these spines after the fifth abdominal segment, ancHn tlie male 

 after the Cth abdominal segment. The secondary sexual characters 

 are therefore distinct (Bentenmiiller, 1901, p. 231). The cremaster 

 consists of eight stout spines surrounding the anal end. Structurally 

 the pupa is similar to that of the peach borer, but easily distinguished 

 from it by its much smaller size and lighter color, by the smaller and 

 lighter cocoons, and by the more finely granulated structure of the 

 latter. The pupa varies considerably in length, being from 10-17 

 nun., averaging about l-t mm. 



Just after formation the pupa is nearly white, gradually turning 

 darker and becoming its normal color after some hours. As the in- 

 star approaches its close, it turns darker and darker, gradually assum- 

 ing the color of the inclosed moth, becoming steel blue-black a day or 

 so before emergence. Emergence, however, may be delayed several 

 days after the assumption of this color. In the cocoon the pupa is 

 naturally covered with more or less moisture. 



The duration of the pupal instar varies according to season and 

 latitude. At Myrtle, Ga., and vicinity records of actual instars ob- 

 tained during 1906, from pup^e first formed, in the late wdnter and 

 early spring, show^ed a maximum period of 32 days, and a mini- 

 mum period, tow^ard the end of April, of 20 days. In the latitude 

 of Washington, D. C, records obtained in 1905 for first pupa\ formed 

 in April, the adults emerging early in May. gave the actual pupal 

 instar from 20 to 30 days. By the middle of May in the same lati- 

 tude the period had decreased to from 15| to 17 days, where it re- 

 mained for the rest of the month. Mr. W. F. Fiske records the 

 actual pupal instar at Tryon, N. C., as being about 26 days during 

 May, 1904. These records do not include the several days spent in 

 the cocoon as a larva, which must be added. 



Immediately preceding the final ecdysis the pupa becomes restless 

 and somewhat swollen, and, by aid of the rows of spines with which 

 it is armed, rather quickly works its wav through the anterior end of 

 the cocoon up to about its fourth or fifth abdominal segment. The 

 moth emerges Avhile the pupa is in this position, projecting for more 

 than half its length from the cocoon. (See fig. 10, e.) 



The achilt. — Moths of the lesser peach borer (fig. 10. a^ and PI. VI, 

 fig. 1) resemble in general others of the family ^Egeriida^ and more 

 particularly the males of the peach borer. They may be distinguished 

 most easily from the latter by the fact of their bearing but two yellow 

 l)ands on the abdomen, on the second and fourth segments, respec- 

 tively, the band on the fourth segment sometimes not entirely encir- 

 cling it ; whereas the male of the peach borer has a yellow band on the 

 posterior margin of each of the abdominal segments, some of which 

 may be more or less obsolete. The males of the latter are also larger 

 than the moths of the former, but again agree in having a general 



