52 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



ing on outer surface of apples," and the work of which he well illus- 

 trated in figure 2 of Plate II. The injured apples were brought to 

 the attention of the Bureau of Entomolog}^ by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, 

 in October, 1901, the fruit having been purchased in the open market 

 in Washington ; it probably came from near-by orchards in Virginia 

 or Maryland. In November, apples showing this same injury w^ere 

 found hy Doctor Howard. A brief description of the larva is given 

 by Simpson ; none, however, was reared to the adult stage. 



In Bulletin No. 22, new series, of the Division of Entomology, 

 Chittenden, writing of " Insects and the weather; observations dur- 

 ing the season of 1899," refers to the plum moth {GraphoUtha pruni- 

 oora) as having been quite abundant in some orchards, attacking and 

 destroying both plums and apples. 



Webster and Newell, in an article on " Insects of the year in Ohio 

 in 1901" (Bulletin No. 31, new series, Division of Entomology, p. 

 89), record having bred Grapholitha prunivora from berries of a 

 species of Crataegus. This species is again mentioned by Fletcher in 

 his rejDort for 1905, page 25 (1907). 



Finally, Messrs. Sanderson, Headlee, and Brooks, in Avriting of the 

 second brood of the codling moth (Bulletin 131, N. H. College Agric. 

 Exp. Station, p. 25), mention the occurrence in late August of young 

 larvae, evidently just hatched, eating on the surface of the fruit. 

 These small larvae of the second brood feed " upon or just under 

 the surface, often around or in the calyx, or where a leaf or another 

 apple comes in contact with the skin, and rarely bore into the apple 

 as does the first brood. Rarely do these worms of the second brood 

 become full grown in this latitude, but late in September, when 

 half grown, they form their winter cocoons. The difference in the 

 food habits of this second brood has been observed by many grow- 

 ers and has led some to the belief that the work is that of a different 

 insect." From the foregoing description of the work and habits of 

 this larva, and from the figure presented of injured apples, it is 

 j)ossible that the insect in question is the species under consideration. 



ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION. 



The lesser apple worm " is doubtless a native insect, as indicated 

 by its feeding on indigenous species of Crataegus, crab apples, and 

 wild plums. The fact that it attacks cultivated plums and apples is 

 not surprising in view of the close relationship of these wild and 

 domestic fruits, and finds parallel in the case of numerous other 

 American sj)ecies wdiich have become destructive to cultivated crops. 



o This name, first used by Fletcher for this species, is adopted in preference to 

 Walsh's name, " plum moth," on account of the greater injury to apples. 



