THE LESSER APPLE WORM. 53 



In the literature of the species it has been recorded from the fol- 

 lowing States and Provinces: Illinois (AValsh) ; Missouri (Rile}') ; 

 British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec (Fletcher) ; Minnesota (Lug- 

 ger) ; Ohio (Webster and Newell) ; District of Columbia (Simpson 

 and Chittenden), and XeAV Hampshire ( ?) (Sanderson, Hoadlee, and 

 Brooks). The insect has been bred by the Bureau of Entomology' 

 from fruit from the following places: Tazewell, Tenn. ; Raleigh, 

 N. C. ; Macy, Ind. ; Niagara-on-Lake, Canada ; Youngstown, X. Y. ; 

 Xorth East, Pa. ; Baltimore, Riverdale, and Arundel, Md. ; Pomona 

 and Fort Valley, Ga. ; Arlington, Afton, and Winchester, Va. ; 

 Nebraska City, Nebr. ; Bentonville and Siloam Springs, Ark. ; 

 Garrison, Tex. ; Ardmore, Ind. T. ; Albert Lea, Minn. ; Agricultural 

 College, Mich ; Tryon, N. C, and Gerrardstown, W. Va. 



FOOD PLANTS AND DESTRUCTIVENESS. 



AValsh bred this species from plum and " black-knot " and from 

 elm and oak galls; Riley bred it from haws, crab apples, cultivated 

 apples, and also from galls {Quercus frondosa Bassett). Fletcher 

 records it from apples, haws, plums, and prunes, and Lugger states 

 that it infests the apple, plum, and cherry, feeding on the buds of 

 the apple before they expand and working within the fruit of the 

 cherry. It has been noted b}' Chittenden as feeding on plum and 

 apple, and on this latter fruit by Simpson and by Messrs. Sanderson, 

 lleadlee, and Brooks. Bureau of Entomology records show that this 

 species has been bred from apple, Crata'gus spp., peach, and plums — 

 wild and cultivated. The larva of what proved to be this insect was 

 also found during the summer of 1907 in the Ozark regions of Arkan- 

 sas, boring down the terminal shoots of young, vigorous, growing 

 apple trees, and also infesting " water sprouts " on older trees. 



AMiile the insect has frequently been bred from cultivated varieties 

 of plums of the Japanese, Chickasaw, Americana, and Domestica 

 types, including prunes, its injuries to these fruits have not thus far 

 been observed to be very extensive. The larvae feed upon the young 

 plums early in the season, causing them to drop, and later bore into 

 the maturing fruit. Their attack on apples, however, in some locali- 

 ties results in very important loss. 



Injur}' to young apples by the first brood of larva? may be quite 

 extensive. Thus, in an investigation of the subject by the writer in 

 apple orchards in the Ozark regions of Arkansas, from July 18 to 

 25, the past summer, this species was found to be quite as abundant 

 as the codling moth; and this conclusion was reached also by Mr. E. 

 L. Jenne, of this Bureau, Avho was stationed at Siloam Springs, Ark., 

 for the season. At picking time the fruit from unsj^rayed trees in 

 this region was quite as frequently injured by this species as by the 

 codling moth, the two insects in unsprayed orchards injuring a 



