58 DECIDUOUS FEUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



So far as observed, the winter is passed in the full grown larval con- 

 dition. Cocoons are formed in cracks and crevices of the bark of 

 apple trees, under bark scales, and probably wherever suitable protec- 

 tion may be found. Observations by Mr. S. AY. Foster, of the Bureau 

 of Entomology, October 21, 1907, in an orchard badly infested with 

 this insect in the vicinity of Washington, revealed larvpe in cocoons in 

 cracks in the bark and crevices, the small size of the larv?e enabling 

 them to work into very small openings. In a breeding cage under 

 out-of-door conditions, in the insectary yard at Washington, larva? 

 from fruit of Cratfegus spun cocoons in cracks in the bark and under 

 the bark scales of a portion of a limb of pear tree which had been 

 introduced, and a few larvae penetrated as deeplj'^ as possible in cracks 

 in one end of the limb. The cocoons are made of bits of surrounding 

 bark and are thus rendered difficult of detection ; the interior is lined 

 with whitish silk. First-brood larvae often jDupate in the calyx end of 

 apples, or in plums, after these have fallen to the ground, and several 

 instances have been observed where pupation has occurred in small, 

 dry, and withered apples on the trees, and also in the fruit of Cratae- 

 gus. In breeding cages larva^ have been observed to fold over flaps of 

 apple leaves, making their cocoons in the protection thus formed. A 

 few larvae have been found under bands around apple trees, as used 

 for capturing codling-moth larvae, though not in sufficient numbers to 

 indicate that the larvae in summer go to the trunks of trees in 

 numbers for pupation. 



The overwintering larvae pupate in the spring, the moths probably 

 emerging about as is true for the codling moth. Observations by Mr. 

 Fred Johnson, at North East, Pa., are to the effect that full-grown 

 larvae are abundant in apples during early July. At Siloam Springs, 

 Ark., the past summer, Mr. E. L. Jenne secured moths June 20, 25, 

 and 30, from api)les collected May 31, and full-grown larvae were 

 found in apples that were collected at Afton, Va., June 26, 1907, the 

 moths emerging July 12, and subsequently to August 21 ; also full- 

 grown larvae were found in apples sent in b}^ Mr. L. M. Smith, 

 Ealeigh, N. C, June 8, 1907, and moths emerged June 28, July 1, 

 and subsequently until the 23d. From apples from Pomona, Ga., 

 received June 4, one moth emerged July 8. Apples collected at 

 Winchester, Va., June 15, by Mr. S. W. Foster, gave adults July 3 

 and 9. Other breeding records for 1907 bear out those cited, though 

 it should be noted that moths have been reared from fruit over 

 practically the entire season, indicating an overlapping of genera- 

 tions perhaps more pronounced than is the case with the codling 

 moth. However, in the Ozarks, in Arkansas, by July 18 to 25, 1907, 

 75 per cent of the fruit injured by this insect had already been 

 deserted and the remaining larva' were practically all full grown. 



