THE LESSER APPLE WORM. 59 



At Nebraska City, Nebr., during 190(), Mr. Dudley Moiilton found 

 full-groAvn larva? in apples during late June and early July, moths 

 issuing from July G to August 24, reaching their maximum, hoAvever, 

 during late July and early August. The pupal stage was found to 

 last from fourteen to sixteen days. 



In 1905 full-grown larvae were found in wild plums as early as 

 April 28, at Fort Valley, Ga., and during the same spring mature 

 larvae were received in a sending of Japan plums from Garrison, 

 Tex., by Prof. F. W. Mally, under date of May 20; and also in wild 

 plums sent in by Mr, C. R. Jones, from Ardmore, Ind. T., a few 

 days later. 



At least two annual generations of larvae are evident, though in the 

 more northern States the second may prove to be only a partial one. 

 Larvae are notably later in leaving the fruit in the fall than is true 

 of the codling moth, and are hence very commonly found at picking 

 time, and it is likely that their occurrence has thus led to belief in an 

 additional brood of the latter species, especially on the part of 

 orchardists. Owing to their comparatively small size the larva; may 

 be readily overlooked, especially when in the calyx end, and infested 

 fruit thus often goes into the barrels. In several instances which we 

 have noted, important injurv has been done by the larvae to barreled 

 fruit, the disfigurement of the surface being especially common. 



IDENTITY. 



The recorded feeding of this insect upon such diverse food as the 

 "' black-knot " of plums, elm and oak galls, and upon apples, plums, 

 and Crataegus, naturally brings up the question of the identity of 

 the insects secured from these several sources. On this point Walsh 

 says : " 



Three specimens bred from Black-Knot Aug. 31-Sept. 7, three others bred from 

 the Elm Gall (Vlmicola Fitch) July 24-Aug. 5, and a single one bred from Oak- 

 Gall (Q. sinijiihiris Bassett) on Sept. 2. none of tliem differed from the plum- 

 fed specimens in any important point. I sent a single specimen bred from the 

 Black-Knot to tlie late Dr. B. Clemens about a year before his lamented death ; 

 but he never, so far as I know, investigated its. classification. For the satisfac- 

 tion of the incredulous I may add that I sent si)ecimens bred respectively from 

 the Plum and Elm Gall to the distinguished English entomologist, H. T. Stain- 

 ton, who is well known to have made the smaller moths his special study for 

 years ; and that he agrees with me that they are perfectly " identical." 



Also according to Stainton, as stated by Walsh, the species is most 

 closel}' allied to the European Semasia janthinana Dup., which has 

 also been bred from gall-like growths on hawthorn twigs. Riley also 

 records breeding the species from galls {Quercus frondosa Bass.), in 

 the Third Missouri Report, page 25. No further records of the insect 



« First Reix)rt State Entomologist of Illinois, p. SI. 



