DEMONSTRATION SPRAYING FOR THE CODLING MOTH. 73 



and west. There are about 250 trees in the orchard, ooiisistiiig 

 mainly of Baldwins, with several rows of Greenings on the north 

 side which were not used in the work. The trees are about 30 

 years old; most of them about 25 feet high, with corresponcHng 

 spread of limbs. 



Previous to the spring of 1907 the orchard had been in sod for 

 many years, and no pruning had been ilone for a hke period. The 

 orchard was kept under observation during the summer of 1906, 

 and the condition of the fruit at harvest time was carefidly noted. 

 Under the management to which the orchard liad been subjected 

 for many years, the grass had been cut for hay, no spraying had 

 been done, and no fruit had been picked from the trees, although 

 in 1906 the ground beneath a large number of them was covered 

 with fallen fruit, indicating that a fair crop of fruit had set. Some 

 of this fruit was picked up and sold at .$0.17 per hundredweight 

 for cider-making purposes. Practically all of this fruit was injured 

 by the codling moth and the plum curculio. 



On September 5, 1906, a Baldwin tree was selected as fairly 

 representing the condition of the trees in the orchard, and all of 

 the fruit then on the ground was picked up and classified as to 

 injury by codling moth and phun curculio, and all fruit which fell 

 to the ground after tliis date, and that j)icked at harvest time, was 

 likewise classified. 



The total picked and dropped fruit, amounting in all to 2,766 

 apples, showed 95.62 per cent injury by the codling moth, and 62.55 

 per cent bearing egg and feeding pimctures of the plum curculio. 



The owner of the orchard, at the suggestion of the writer, decided 

 to prune and cultivate the orchard in 1907, and it was placed at the 

 disposal of the Bureau of Entomology for spraying experiments. 

 The trees were pruned very early in the spring and the sod broken up 

 and cultivated twice later in the summer. One hundred and fifty 

 trees, all Bakhvins, with the exception of a few scattered Astrachans, 

 were laid out into 15-tree plats, inchuling a check plat, and treated 

 with Bordeaux mixture and an arsenical in a way to ascertain the 

 value of applications at different dates. One of these plats received 

 the usual "demonstration'' treatment for that latitude, and it is from 

 this plat and the check plat that the data to be given were obtained. 



Three applications of spray were made: (First) June 10, immetli- 

 ately after petals fell; (second) July 2, three weeks later, when first 

 eggs of codling moth were being deposited; (third) August 9, when 

 adults were beginning to emerge and to deposit eggs for the second 

 brood. The 5-5-3-50 formula was used — that is, 5 pounds copper 

 sulphate, 5 pounds stone lime, 3 pounds arsenate of lead, and 50 

 gallons of water. 



