THE 'I'KUMPET LKAF-MINEK OF THE APPLE. 2V) 



at no timo exposed. The act of leaviii*:; the e<>:<»' is very deliberate, 

 and may occupy ten or twelve hours before the body is completely 

 out of the shell and into the niiii(\ Feeding alternates with resting, 

 the larva often working backwards out of the mine into the egg- 

 shell, where it may rest for half an hour or more. The mines are 

 at first but little wider than the width of the insect and are line<i with 

 silk from the start. Progress at first is slow, the larva proceeding 

 obout twice its length during the twenty-four hours following the 

 breaking of the eggshell. After a few days, hoAvever, it feeds much 

 more vigorously and soon widens the mine in the course of its feeding. 

 Of the larva' Avhich hatched the morning of August 8, 12 out of the 

 15 under observation pupated during the night of August 25, this 

 stage therefore lasting api^roximately eight(HMi days; and the moths 

 from these pupa' mostly emerged by the morning of September 2, 

 one emerging the morning of August 30, making for the life cycle 

 about thirty-three days. Moths kept in confinement without food 

 lived for about two da3's. According to Chambers, the larva' molt 

 five times, and there are no marked diiferences either in coloi- or 

 .structure between the larva^ at ditl^'erent stages of growth. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



The trumpet leaf-miner is evidently a native species, its original 

 food plants probably being species of Crataegus and wild Pyrus. It 

 has been recorded from New York, Texas, Illinois, and IVIichigan. 

 The material on which Clemens based his description was probably 

 from Pennsylvania, and the observations of Chambers made in Ken- 

 tucky indicate its occurrence in that State. Records of this Bureau 

 show it to occur in South Carolina. Virginia, Delaware, T^ennsyl- 

 vania, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, ]\Iassachusetts, Missouri, 

 Arkansas, and Nebraska, and at Ottawa, Canada. 



PARASITES. 



This miner is freely parasitized. At Ithaca, Dr. Brunn bred from 

 it Sympiesis lithocolletidis How. anil Astichus tischerice How. The 

 former species has been bred from this insect at Champaign, 111., by 

 Weed, and I'JIasmuH puIJafi/s Howard is doubtfully recorded from 

 this species from Missouri. At different times during the season of 

 1005, at AVashington, D. C., infested api)le leaves were placed in jars, 

 and the following species were secured, some of which probably are 

 secondary parasites: Urogaster tischericb Ashm., Sympiesis nigro- 

 femora Ashm.. Ilo/ismcnits pope nod Ashm.. ('loxti'voccmx triftixridtiix 

 Westw.. Eiilophiis n. sp.. Zdgrammo.somd inultUtncdtd Ashm., and a 

 variety of this species. A species near Phygadeiion was reared, and 

 one near, if not identical with, Civrospihis fuinciuctns Riley. 



