30 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



TREATMENT. 



^^Hien excessively abundant, as has been the case in several localities 

 during the past two or three years, the injury done by the larvae in 

 the leaves will cause many of these to fall prematurely, interfering 

 with the j)roper develoiDment of the fruit and the health of the tree, 

 and its control, therefore, becomes a matter of importance. This 

 can perhaps best be accomplished by plowing the orchard in the 

 spring, covering as much as possible all fallen leaves and trash, as in 

 the former the larvae pass the winter, and it is practically certain that 

 the moths will not be able to make their escape from the soil. This 

 work should be done not later than the blooming period of the trees, 

 to insure covering up the infested leaves before any early-emerging 

 moths escape. As this method of control involves no extra labor 

 not requisite in proper orchard treatment, this species, which has but 

 recently attracted attention as a pest of the apple orchards, is not to 

 be regarded as a serious pest of the apple in the sense that it will 

 require independent treatment. 



After the insect has become established in orchards, and its im- 

 mediate control appears necessary, a thorough spraying of infested 

 trees with 12 or 15 per cent kerosene emulsion made in the usual way 

 would no doubt result in the destruction of the larvae and pupae in the 

 mines in the leaves, and possibly also of the eggs scattered over the 

 foliage. Such work, however, should be done on clear, bright days, 

 to lessen as much as possible danger of injury to the foliage from the 

 spray. Tests of a kerosene lime emulsion alone, and with Bordeaux 

 mixture and Paris green, have been reported by Prof. C. P. Close, 

 formerly of the Delaware College Agricultural Experiment Station, 

 in Bulletin 73 of that institution. In the experience of Professor 

 Close, apiDlications in early August of 10 and 15 per cent kerosene 

 lime emulsions, with Bordeaux mixture and Paris green, were quite 

 effective in killing larvae and pupae in the leaves. Applications of 

 kerosene lime emulsions in September on the succeeding brood were 

 not so successful in killing the insects, and the apple foliage was 

 injured, possibly on account of its weakened condition following the 

 work of the miners. 



