THE LESSER APPLE WOKM. 59 



At Nebraska City, Xc4)r., during IDOC), Mr. Dudley jNIoulton found 

 full-grown larvie in apples during late June and early July, moths 

 issuing from July to August 24, reaching their maximum, however, 

 during late July and early August. The pupal stage was fomid to 

 last from fourteen to sixteen days. 



In 1905 full-grown larva3 were found in wild plums as early as 

 April 28, at Fort Valley, Ga., and during the same spring mature 

 larvai were received in a sending of Japan plums from Garrison, 

 Tex., by Prof. F. W. Mally, under date of May 20; and also in wild 

 plums sent in by Mr. C. R. Jones, from Ardmore, Ind. T,, a few 

 days later. 



At least two annual generations of larvae are evident, though in the 

 more northern States the second ma}^ prove to be onlj^ a partial one. 

 Larva^ are notably later in leaving the fruit in the fall than is true 

 of the codling moth, and are hence very commonly found at picking 

 time, and it is likely that their occurrence has thus led to belief in an 

 additional brood of the latter sp'ecies, especially on the part of 

 orchardists. Owing to their comparatively small size the larva? may 

 be readily overlooked, especially when in the cah^x end, and infested 

 fruit thus often goes into the barrels. In several instances which we 

 have noted, important injury has been done by the larva? to barreled 

 fruit, the disfigurement of the surface being especially common. 



IDENTITY. 



The recorded feeding of this insect upon such diverse food as the 

 " black-knot " of plums, elm and oak galls, and upon apples, plums, 

 and Crataegus, naturally brings up the question of the identity of 

 the insects secured from these several sources. On this point Walsh 

 says : « 



Three specimens bred froai Black-Knot Aug. 31-Sept. 7, three others bred from 

 the Elm (Jail (rbuicola Fitch) July 2J— Aug. 5, and a single one bred from Oak- 

 Gull (Q. ,'<iii(jiiliiris Kassett) on Sept. 2, none of them differed from the plum- 

 fed specimens in anj' important point. I sent a single specin)en bred from the 

 Black-Knot to the late Dr. B. Clemens about a year before his lamented death ; 

 but he never, so far as I know, investigated its classification. For the satisfac- 

 tion of the incredulous I may add that I sent specimens bred respectively from 

 the Plum and Elm Gall to the distinguished English entomologist, H. T. Stain- 

 ton, who is well known to have made the smaller moths his special study for 

 years ; and that he agrees with me that they are perfectly " identical." 



Also according to Stainton, as stated by Walsh, the species is most 

 closely allied to the European Se/nasia janthhiann Dup., which has 

 also been bred from gall-like growths on hawthorn twigs. Riley also 

 records breeding the species from galls {Querciis frondosa Bass.), in 

 the Third Missouri Report, page 25. No further records of the insect 



" First Report State Entomologist of Illinois, p. SI- 



