60 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



occurring in galls or black-knot have been found by the writer, and 

 we have not been able to breed it from these, in the limited trials 

 thus far made. 



The moths which we have secured during the past three j^ears from 

 plum, apple, and Cratcegus, and from terminal shoots of young apple 

 trees, have been carefully compared by Mr. August Busck, of this 

 Bureau, whose assistance we desire to acknoAvledge in this connection, 

 and all have been found to belong to the same species, namely, Enar- 

 mon'ta prunivora Walsh. 



PARASITES. 



Only one hymenopterous parasite is recorded from this species, 

 namely, Mirax graphoUtha' Ashm., in apples from Washington, D. C, 

 May 3, 1881. The insect which Walsh sup'posed was parasitic on this 

 species, namely, /SigaJphvs curcuUoms Fitch, as shown by Riley is a 

 parasite of the plum curculio {G onotraclielus nenuphar Hbst.), as 

 has been known for many years. . 



METHOD OF CONTROL. 



From the similarity in feeding habits of the lesser apple worm and 

 the codling moth it would appear likely that proper spraying with 

 arsenicals for the latter insect would also be effective in controlling to 

 a considerable extent the former, and observations in orchards in 

 Nebraska, the Ozarks, and Virginia show that this is the case. 



The larvae of the first generation, which mostly attack the fruit at 

 the calyx end, are no doubt destroyed by the poison held in the calyx 

 cavit}^, though, as has been noted, larvae often bore into the fruit at 

 the base of and outside of the calyx lobes. In some instances exam- 

 ined the calyx cavity and stony tissue of the core just under the skin 

 have been left almost or quite intact. Feeding in this way larva^ would 

 scarcely be poisoned. The comparatively small numbers taken from 

 under bands of burlap around the trees, as used for the codling moth, 

 show but little value from this procedure as used specifically against 

 the lesser apple worm. Thorough sprajnng for the codling moth will 

 perhaps best serve to keep the other pest in control, and where appli- 

 cations are made for the second l)rood of the former insect, these cer- 

 tainly will be of great use in reducing injury from the lesser apple 

 worm late in the season. 



