94 DECIDUOUS FKUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 



a slight degree ; and as the beetles have been taken at Youngstown, 

 Ohio, and are reported from "West Virginia and Michigan, it is very 

 probable that this species is at present more or less generally dis- 

 tributed throughout the State. 



At Lakeside a lime manufacturing company bought up most of 

 the land comprising the peninsula for commercial purposes. On 

 this land are many remnants of orchards, which are uncultivated 

 and uncared for, and are attacked by scale and numerous other in- 

 sects. These trees are gradually being destroyed by the insects and 

 are seriously attacked by Phlceotrihus liminaris. Pieces of bark 2 

 to 3 feet long and extending half Avay around the trunk will be com- 

 pletely cut from a tree 8 inches in diameter by the larvoe. The dead 

 trees in these orchards were uninfested when observed, but the bark 

 was full of exit holes and the trees were girdled. (See PI. XI, 

 fig. 2.) Until these infested trees are all killed they will afford 

 ideal breeding places for the beetles while they attack the near-by 

 orchards in large numbers, either for food or in efforts to make &g^ 

 burrows. These abandoned orchards undoubtedly have much to 

 do with the large number of beetles present in this locality. Plate 

 XI, figure 1, shows a view of one of these orchards which was cut 

 back for the purpose of renovation. The result was that the trees 

 developed a strong growth and were almost free from attack at the 

 end of the season. 



The reasons for the attack by beetles on apparently healthy trees, 

 while important to know, can not yet be explained. Several orchards 

 were observed where the beetles were attacking the trees in numbers 

 without forming egg burrows. These orchards had borne crops con- 

 tinuously each year, but appeared to be becoming gradually weaker 

 each season, and largo quantities of sap oozed out and collected at 

 the base of the trees during the summer months. In one case in 

 which an orchard had been very badly injured, whitewashiug the 

 trees was tried, and the present season (lOOcS) the trees appear healthy 

 and thrifty with but few beetles present, these having worked into 

 the smaller branches above the whitewash. 



EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF INJURY. 



When the beetles are present in large numl)ers their injury to the 

 trees is quickly brought to the attention of the orchardist by the large 

 amount of sap exuding from the trees through the many small bor- 

 ings made both in the trunk and limbs of the tree. (See PI. X, fig. 1.) 

 In some instances from 1 to 3 or more gallons of sap will flow from 

 a single tree during a season. The writer observed one wild-cherry 



