MOLLUSCA% 125 
stance of the tongue, expedite the progress of the food into 
the gullet. 
The salivary glands are four in number, and are placed in 
pairs. The glands of the first pair, seated on each side of the 
muscular bed of the mouth, are divided into numerous lobes, 
the excretory ducts of which pour their fluid into the beginning 
of the gullet. The second pair, seated lower down and be- 
low the eyes, are not so much divided, and send out separ- 
ate canals, which unite and pour their contents into the 
mouth, 
The gullet is furnished with a lateral expansion, not un- 
like the crop of gallimaceous birds. The stomach is mus- 
cular, like the gizzard of fowls, and the cuticle is thick, and 
separates easily from the other membranes. At the pyloric 
opening of the stomach, there is another aperture equally 
large, which leads into the spiral stomach, or ceecum, as it 
has been improperly termed by some anatomists. It may 
with greater propriety be denominated the duodenum, as it 
performs some of the offices of that part of the gut in the 
higher orders of animals. This stomach is conical, closed 
at the distal extremity, and performs about a turn and a 
half, like a spiral shell. Its inner surface is covered with a 
ridge, which traverses it in a closely spiral direction. The 
bile flows into it near the apex, and towards its base glan- 
dular orifices, pouring out a thick, yellow fluid, may be ob- 
served. The intestine, after leaving the pylorus, in some 
species, makes one or two turns, in others, it proceeds di- 
rectly to the anus. This opening is seated at the base of 
the funnel, on its posterior or dorsal side. 
The “iver is of considerable size, of an orange-yellow co- 
lour, and of a soft and spongy texture. It gives rise to two 
