208 DESCRIPTION OF &C. 



at the surface of the water and enlarged at the heel, which 

 would increase its effect and render it less liable to injury. 



In the drawing, the cleats F F, are added to the side of the 

 false post, and overlapping the main post, which will give it 

 great additional security. Some minor alterations are also made, 

 viz. In the drawing the four guys 1111, (which are separate in the 

 model) are combined into two K K, leading through a thimble 

 or clinch ; the reason is, that a more equal tension can be obtain- 

 ed of two ropes than of four, and that when combined they lead 

 in a fairer direction under the buttock of the ship. 



Indeed the number of guys are superfluous, the lower one 

 would be amply sufficient, as the upper end of the post can be 

 made very secure. Captain Pakenham has but a single guy 

 leading from the cap on each side. 



The drawing represents a mode of applying and removing 

 the weight to sink the rudder, by which the whole can be re- 

 moved with more ease when the rudder is secured. 



When the rudder is fixed, the only apprehension is, the guys 

 chafing off. There is however on board every ship a complete 

 remedy viz. Take two of the topmast back stay chain plates 

 and one of the bolts, and bolt them to the heel of the false stern 

 post, one on each side ; to these hook the top-blocks and mouse 

 the hooks well ; then reeve the guys through the blocks, and 

 take both parts to the fore part of the main chains: by this 

 means the guys may be overhauled through the blocks and ex- 

 amined at pleasure, keeping them always well taught and veer- 

 ing away one part as you haul in upon the other. These re- 

 marks are the more diffuse as the subject is considered impor- 

 tant, and is still susceptible of great improvement. 



Captain Mugford was some days before he could hang his 

 rudder, owing to bad weather. 



The man will deserve well who shall invent a simple substi- 

 tute for a rudder that can be made and applied immediately in 

 any weather; and it need not be despaired of, if men of inge- 

 nuity, without waiting for the calamity, would only try expe- 

 riments while thek ships are in a sound state. 



