Pe DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
On March 24 there were taken, from rubbish on the ground under 
an outdoor apple bin at a vinegar factory, 6 pupe and 130 larve. 
They were located in a damp place, shaded during the greater part 
of the day. Above, in crevices of the apple bin, were many cocoons, 
for the most part inaccessible, but those that could be examined 
showed a much larger proportion of pupe. 
On March 31 some timbers were pried from this bin and larvee and 
pupe were found in about equal numbers—122 larve and 112 pupe. 
This bin was situated on the west side of the buildmg and was built 
of 2 by 4 material, nailed, 1 inch apart, to large supporting timbers. 
The cocoons occurred between the scantlings and their supports. 
This should represent fairly normal conditions above ground. Even 
here pup would be found greatly in the majority under one scant- 
ling, while beneath an adjoining one nearly all cocoons might contain 
larve. This was evidently due to the fact that some of the pine 
scantlings were sapwood, which absorbs much moisture during rains. 
At the time of examination they were damp and soggy, though no 
rain had fallen for several days. Under these the proportion of 
pup was much smaller than under dry scantlings adjoining. 
No empty pupal cases were found March 31, although one adult 
moth, evidently just emerged, was captured while sunning itself on 
the bin. On April 21 the bin was again examined, and there were 
found 79 larve, 114 pupe, and 64 empty cases. This showed that 
about 70 per cent of the wintering larve had pupated up to that 
time. But even yet larve were in the majority in damp and shaded 
parts. 
Nearly all of the larve collected on the above dates and kept out 
of doors in vials had pupated by May 12. Two belated individuals 
pupated May 19 and 20. This gives a probable time of 2} months 
during which wintering larve transformed to pupx. Apple trees 
bloomed about the middle of this period. The majority of the 
spring pupe had given out adults by May 27, the two belated indi- 
viduals emerging June 6 and 8. Thus there is a period of about 3 
months during which spring pupe were present—from the first of 
March until June. 
Length of spring pupal ie-minigiaits records were obtained of 
131 spring pupe, from larve collected at the out door apple bin. 
The material was kept out of doors in vials in a pasteboard box, 
under as nearly a normal temperature as possible. The length of the 
pupal stage steadily decreased with the advancement of the season. 
Doubtless a longer period would have been shown for the first pup 
of the season if they could have been observed. 
The records of the spring pupal stages are given in Tables I and II, 
with a summary in Table III. 
