40 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
toward the posterior and free end of the case. The opening at this 
end is closed by three lobes, which are readily pushed apart by the 
emerging adult. A day or two after the fastening of the case, pupa- 
tion takes place, and from ten to twelve days later the adult emerges. 
At North East, Pa., the first adult emerged June 22; the maximum 
emergence took place during the early part of July, while after July 
25 no adults emerged. Asa rule, the adults emerge in the afternoon, 
and for several hours remain motionless on the case in a characteris- 
tic pose, as shown in figure 4 of Plate Il. Toward evening they 
become restless and fly off. Moths even a few days old generally 
seek their favorite resting place on the attached cases. 
The eggs are generally laid along the midrib, on the underside of 
the leaves, where they are found inserted in the pubescence or down 
of the leaf. A few eggs were similarly found on the hairy branches. 
The egg period lasts from fifteen to sixteen days. 
The newly hatched larve are 
quite active, and were found 
moving about for several hours 
before eating their way into the 
leaves. During their early life 
they are true miners and feed 
for about two weeks on the inner 
tissues of the leaves. Their 
mines take the form of minute, 
elliptical, brown patches, and 
are readily located by the pres- 
ence of the black powdery ex- 
crement which the larve eject 
from the mines. 
Fic. 11.—Life cycle of the cigar case-bearer : Toward the beginning of 
Adapted to a single insect under average August the larvee construct a 
normal conditons. (Original.) . 
minute case from the upper and 
lower skins of the mined area of the leaf. Plate II, figure 1, shows a 
single leaf from which numerous cases of this kind have been made. 
Before the foliage is ready to drop, the minute case-bearers migrate 
to the branches, where they fasten their cases and seal themselves up 
for the winter. During the latter part of August and early Sep- 
tember they were found in great numbers, especially in the forks and 
to some extent on the lower side of the branches. (See Pl. II, fig. 2.) 
For seven months the larvee remain thus concealed in a dormant state, 
and, as previously stated, do not become active until spring. 
A general idea of the life cycle of the insect may be obtained from 
the diagram, figure 11. It shows the life cycle of a single insect, the 
dates and periods shown being averages for the insect as it was ob- 
served in its various stages in the field. 
