CODLING MOTH IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 13 
Unless reared, the larvee of the two broods can not be separated and 
are simply referred to as overwintering larve. Similarly the resulting 
pup and moths in the spring originate from the two separate broods 
of the previous year’s larvee, and these are spoken of as “spring-brood 
pupe”’ and “spring-brood moths.” 
SPRING BROOD OF PUPZ. 
Time of pupation.—In the rearing cages the first observed pupation 
took place May 24. Considering, however, the time of the earliest 
record for the emergence of moths, and the duration of the pupal 
stage, which at that time of the season lasted 24 days, it is probable 
that pupation must have begun as early as May 20. The last larve 
of the wintering broods pupated June 25. The pupation period thus 
covered a length of time of over one month (fig. 22). Since the last 
moth of the spring brood emerged July 17, pupz were in evidence 
from May 20 to July 17. 
Length of spring pupal stage-—In cage experiments, records were 
obtained of the duration of the pupal stage for 50 individuals. (See 
Table I.) 
TaBLE I —Length of pupal periods in spring brood from wintering larvx, collected 
during 1908, on banded trees. 
Date of— Date of— 
No. Days.|| No. Days. 
Pupa- Emer- Pupa- Emer- 
tion. gence. ~ tion. gence. 
1 | May 241! June 17 24 28 | May 29} June 21 | 23 
2| May 25] June 16 22 29 | May 30] June 22| 23 
3 do=-... June 19 25 30))|/-2-d0..--- June 17| 18 
4 GOozsee= June 28 34 31 | May 31 | June 22] 22 
5 | May 26] June 17 22 Sapa eGOzeees doses 22 
6 Goe-se June 20 25 33)|G22GOssce « down 22 
a May 2 |e dOssnae 24 34 Bd Gress June 21] 21 
8 dosteas|ee. Gotssss 24 oleae Gee gee Goss: 21 
9 GOs zene|be- doze. 24 36 | June 1 | June 23 | 22 
