CODLING MOTH IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. Te 
The wintering larve belonged to both the first and the second 
broods. _ It will be seen by a glance at Table V that there was no 
marked difference in the time of emergence of moths from the first 
and the second brood larva. The division line between the two 
broods can be approximately determined as between August 29 and 
September 5, as shown in figure 27. 
Time during the day when moths emerged.—When only one daily 
record of the emergence of the moths is taken, it is of importance to 
know the time when most moths emerge. <A few observations, taken 
hourly, June 24, from 8.30 a. m. to 8.30 p. m. the same day, and 
continued, June 26, from 4.30 a. m. to 9.30 a. m., are recorded in 
Table VI. 
TaBLE VI.—Spring brood of moths. Time of emergence during the day. 
| | } | 
| Time of observation. Time of observation. Time of observation. 
Emer- Emer- Emer- 
gence of gence of || gence of 
Date. Hour. moths. || Date, Hour. moths. Date. Hour. moths. | 
| | 
June 24 | 8.30a.m.. Sligune 24. | 330 psm-.| 25-25. June 26 | 4.30a.m..|..........| 
Dope PO SOlae MESS seen see DOR =e | 4:30 peais | Cee nee eee le DOR =|)D-d0la. T-tree 
Doe east s0ras toe | koe ee Dos ss (5:30 sph balsa. seme Dos TG aOraataeys| eee o se 
Do_. 2.) 11:30'a.. mi. 1 IDLO SEE) ae!) jos aie Reese Dota i\ei-o0iae m0 The 
Do....| 12.30 p.m. W) DOSE 7S O seri eee eee Do....| 8.30 a. m ily 4 
Doz...) 130 pi m. 1 DOF aA S-S0KO RIM as ane cee Doses | OrsOtas ae. | eee eae | 
DOM E280 se anise | Sone. ae MMe: QOal rc hoes oleae nea | 
| 
Nine moths emerged during this period. The first emergence took 
place about 7.30 a. m. and the last about 1.30 p.m. During the after- 
noon, evening, and night no moths emerged. More observations on 
this habit of the moths are desirable in order to establish more accu- 
rately the time limits during the day when moths emerge. The 
above observations, however, suggest the general tendency. Pos- 
sibly the varying temperature and moisture conditions of the day 
are influencing factors, because after the process of emerging the parts 
of the body, and particularly the wings, must expand quickly and 
assume a normal shape before hardening; in case of extreme dryness 
the wings may fail to expand. 
Period of oviposition.—The moths in confinement frequently fail to 
oviposit, which is especially the case when a single pair or only a few 
individual moths are kept together. During the season of 1909 an 
abundance of eggs was obtained from moths confined in numbers of 
from 10 to 40 in medium-sized glass jars covered with thin cloth. 
Each jar contained a layer of moist sand; food, consisting of brown 
sugar and honey; and for oviposition, apples and apple twigs with 
foliage were supplied daily. As has been observed by other inves- 
tigators, the eggs are laid during the evening and the night. In one 
instance a moth was observed in the act of ovipositing about 9 
o’clock in the morning. The eggs were placed in abundance on the 
apples, the branches, and the foliage, and even on the bottom and on 
