CODLING MOTH IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 85 
Larval life in the cocoon.—Cage records were kept relative to the 
time of leaving the fruit and the time of pupation of 52 individual 
larve. This period includes the time for the making of the cell and 
the so-called post-larval stage, which consists of an inactive period 
of one or two days, when the larva undergoes structural changes 
previous to pupation. A definite time limit for the post-larval stage 
can hardly be given, since this is a gradual change, which leads up to 
pupation. ‘In Table XXII the larval life of the cocoon has been 
referred to under the making of the cocoon, as this constitutes the 
main activity of the larva during this period, but it also included 
the post-larval stage. The summary of the larval life in the cocoon, as 
recorded in Table XXIII, agrees in a striking manner with the 
records obtained by Mr. E. L. Jenne * in Arkansas in 1908. For 
North East, Pa., the average was 7.09 days, the maximum 19 days, 
and the minimum 3 days. Mr. Jenne’s records show an average of 
7.2 days, maximum 19 days, and minimum 3 days. In instances 
where the entire period previous to pupation has been recorded to 
last only three days, it is very probable that the larve, when dis- 
turbed in the process of making the cocoons, abandoned the first 
cocoons and made new ones. The period, therefore, appears shorter, 
as no record was kept of the time required in making the first cocoon. 
FIRST-BROOD PUP. 
Time of pupation.—From infested apples, collected in an orchard 
July 8, mature larvee emerged July 10 which pupated July 16. From 
the band material pupe were obtained a few days later and were 
observed in abundance throughout the period. The last pupation 
occurred in the cages August 27. These late-appearing pup, how- 
ever, failed to develop, moths emerging only from larve that pupated 
not later than August 19. 
Length of first-brood pupal stage—Of 95 pups of the first brood, 
the average duration of the stage was 12.5 days, ranging from 6 to 
22 days. (See Table XX.) The records for the individual pupz 
are given in Table XVIII, with a summary in Table XIX, showing 
variations observed in the length of the stages during the entire 
period when pupz were found. 
@U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bul. 80, Part I. 
