CODLING MOTH IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 95 
The feeding periods for these larve ranged from 26 to 73 days, 
with an average of 39.5 days. The feeding periods in the above 
records are strikingly longer than those obtained for larve of the 
first brood. This is probably due to lower temperature, which 
during the middle of October for 7 days brought the activities of 
insects to an apparent standstill. 
Time of leaving the fruit for wintering.—In the cages, the first larvee 
left the fruit September 11, and since these were from the earliest 
eggs of the first moths, these records must be approximately accurate. 
The length of feeding for the early larvee of the second brood was 29 
to 30 days; the larve hatched August 13, wintering September 11. 
With these established facts it is thus possible to separate the first- 
brood and second-brood larve from the banded trees, which as to 
time of reaching maturity overlapped considerably. (See fig. 21.) 
In the fall, during the alternating warm and cold days, larve appeared 
under the bands in variable numbers, as recorded in Table XX XIII. 
The bands were last examined November 13, when 9 larve were col- 
lected. In the rearing cages the last larvee emerged November 15. 
Immature larve at hibernation time.—It is evident from both field 
and rearing observations that during the latter part of November, 
when the temperature had already reached 20° F., quite a number 
of larve had not yet attained maturity. Of the reared larve that 
hatched September 12 several which were only one-third to one-half 
grown remained in the fruit, while others hatching September 21 were 
only one-fifth to one-sixth grown. 
From the bands several undersized larvee were collected late in the 
fall, and it will be of interest to know whether or not they are in con- 
dition to transform the coming spring. With the records in hand it 
is not possible to give the relative number of immature larve in the 
field that failed to enter hibernation places. In the cages, of 133 
reared larve 32 remained in the fruit in the fall, and judging from 
their size it is doubtful if any of them could possibly attain maturity 
that late in the season. 
BAND RECORDS OF 1909. 
Through the courtesy of Mr. C. E. Luke, of North East, Pa., an 
apple orchard of 50 trees was obtained, which was particularly well 
suited for band records. The trees were about 25 years old and, 
to the owner’s knowledge, had never been sprayed and for some time 
past had received no care. For several years no fruit had been gath- 
ered from the orchard. It is thus evident that for years the codling 
moth had developed without interference and existed under natural 
conditions. In 1909 most of the trees carried a heavy crop of fruit. 
