CODLING MOTH IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. 109 
The development of the insect in 1909 was about intermediate as 
compared with the results of the previous years. The early fall was 
quite variable, changing frequently from warm to extremely cold, 
resulting in a sudden stop in the transformation of late larve of the 
first brood; the oviposition period for the second brood became 
limited and also late deposited eggs failed to hatch. A number of 
larvee of the second brood spun up before they became full grown and 
several did not reach hibernating places before freezing temperature 
set in. Of the insects developed during 1909 83.87 per cent were of 
the first generation and 16.13 per cent of the second generation. Of 
the first-brood larve 23.46 per cent transformed, while 76.54 per cent 
Wan givii SEPT: OCT. eae eae 
oe 0 15 20 25 3/0 ere ee jo. 5 10 15 20 25 a) 5 10 15 20 25 9» 
am 
Fig. 32.—Time of leaving the fruit of the first-brood and second-brood larve of the codling moth, during 
1907, 1908, and 1909, at North East, Pa. (Original.) 
wintered. A summary of the results of life-history studies for these 
three years is given in Table XLI. (See also figs. 31 and 32.) 
TaBLE XLI.—Summary of results of band records for 1907, 1908, and 1909, showing the 
comparative size of broods and relative number of transforming and wintering larve. 
Percentages for— 
Larve from band collections. 
1907. 1908. 1909. 
Transforming larve of total band collection............. 2.5 35.9 | 18.74 
Wintering larve of total band collection................- 97.5 64.1 | 81.26 
Relative proportion of first-brood larve................- 96.5 50 83. 87 
Relative proportion of second-brood larve............... 3.5 50 16.13 
Transforming larve of first brood......................-- 3 67.7 | 23.46 
Wintering larve of first brood...... 2... ...0.-c.ccceeee 97 32.3 | 76.54 
