U.S. D.A., B. E. Bul. 80, Part VIII. D. F. I. 1., November 28, 1910. 
PAPERS ON DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
TESTS OF SPRAYS AGAINST THE EUROPEAN FRUIT 
LECANIUM AND THE EUROPEAN PEAR SCALE. 
By P. R. Jonzs, 
Engaged in Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. 
INTRODUCTION. 
Attention appears to have been first called in California to the 
brown apricot scale by Mr. Alex. Craw? in 1891, at which time the 
insect was described by him under the name Lecaniwm armeniacum. 
The investigations of Mr. J. G. Sanders? while an agent of this Bureau, 
however, have unmistakably shown that the brown apricot scale 
of California is identical with Lecanium cornt Bouché, known in 
Europe since 1844, which Mr. Sanders has appropriately named 
“‘the Kuropean fruit Lecanium.” 
The European pear scale (Epidiaspis pyricola Del Guer.) was first 
recorded as occurring in the United States by Prof. J. H. Com- 
stock* in 1883, from Sacramento, Cal., under the preoccupied name 
Diaspis ostrexformis. Since their introduction these two scale 
pests have been the subject of considerable attention on account 
of their injuries, and at the present time in the Santa Clara Valley 
are by far the most important scale insects with which orchardists 
have to contend. The European fruit Lecanium is now especially 
abundant and the copious honeydew excreted by the scales upon 
the leaves and fruit, with the accompanying sooty fungus, leaves 
the fruit in an unsightly condition for market. 
In connection with other work in the deciduous fruit insect inves- 
tigations of the Bureau of Entomology, carried on at the laboratory 
at San Jose, Cal., experiments have been made to determine an 
effective treatment for both of these insects, with the results recorded 
in the following pages. The work during 1908 was carried out by 
Messrs. Dudley Moulton and Chas. T. Paine. 
a Rept. Cal. State Bd. Hort., p. 12, 1891. 
b Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 2, p. 443, 1909. 
¢2d Rept. Ent. Dept..Cornell Univ., p. 94, 1883. 
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