154 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
Plat 11a, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion—The formula was as 
follows: 
BOIS WAL: - 5 so Swe eae bisarels dee ae Ce ee ee gallons.. 10 
Bish-otl S0a pic. cs 2 chek bic ss ate tee cas oc eee ee eae ee pounds.. 2% 
Taye. tele so osb sgh hoe ae ke ee ave cee ee ee eee do... 4 
Crude joil. (6° to, 22° Baume) 22: 2. oe ee eee gallons.. 3 
The soap and lye were dissolved in the water, which was then 
placed in a barrel; 22 gallons of water were then added and the oil 
slowly poured in, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred. A very 
good emulsion resulted. 
Plat 11b, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion.—Same as for plat 11a, 
except that a “kerosene soap” was used. 
Plat 11c, 12 per cent crude-oul emulsion.—Same as 11a, except that 
a 14° Baumé crude oil was used. 
Plat 11d, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion.—Same as 11a, except that a 
12° to 14° Baumé crude oil was used. 
None of the emulsions for plat 11 was forced through the pumps; 
but, on the other hand, no water was added to the mixture after the 
oil had been poured in. It seems to be essential, in order to keep 
free oil from coming to the top, that this be avoided. A good emulsion 
resulted in each case. The difference in gravity did not seem to make 
much difference in the emulsions, but the 16° to 22° Baumé, which 
was a “Coalinga special,’ appeared to give the best emulsion. All 
of the crude oils used contained an asphalt base. 
RESULTS. 
The results of the several sprays are given in Table II. 
TABLE IT.—Results of spraying for the European pear scale, San Jose, Cal., 1908. 
First examination, 
Mar. 3, 1908 
Date \ here 
ate er 
et Treatment. sprays | trees | Num- | vel 
j applied. | spray-| per Um- | cent- 
ed. | scales | ber mee 
scales of 
exam- 
ied dead. | dead 
+ scales. 
Le) bime-sulphur(homemade)) Jeeeseeet ee ees acces ee ee Feb. 18 16 | 1,172] 1,000 85 
2,4\ (Commercial lime-sulphur, No. eet 42-2202 eee 22nd0enee 9 547 51 9 
3.7) (Gommerciallime-sulphursNos25s2 soner scence ae one sedOstee 13 838 581 69 
4 | Commercial distillate-oil emulsion..................-- s8d 05.52 13 926 280 30 
5a | Distillate-oil emulsion (homemade) .....-..-. snonaeee Feb. 19 is 834 285 34 
Dolieeeers Oe rer aos eee ERAS a aaee Goreee 8| 1,042 364 34 
6 | Commercial creosote-oil emulsion................----- do 11 664 174 26 
7a | Creosote-oil emulsion (homemade) ......--....-----.- Feb. 20 8 995 424 42 
MON aees Ree ee rien se Shun ee ee bet oy ween esac Ped Osose 11 854 780 91 
8 | Commercial carbolic-distillate emulsion. -..........-.- Lwadow ae. 13 789 689 87 
9. | (Crude-oil:emulsion=U.0. 2244-282 eke eee el besa Ca ee TA be wil Leer 480 40 
Oe n @rskb in (Oso yc: Wage eee ey on eek oe Semen lal a BERS (large 6 905 632 64 
Ie sneridesoilremulsion: 3. <.os6 secbocer acetate eee Lee Mar. 3 (ie REESE Peds s occ Esoooodd 
AMD. Sos he aE Selene ees Ea eee Ss ae pedo 61) 52.22. eee eee eeaceee = 
le a see GOR ee aes ch sarin Soe AEE Sch See Ree SRR ee done (ol eee Sec salleeeone ae 
Det eens OES cs BRS Ee A Se aE eae ns ce Doeb shoa Te nitianor ae do. . (hl BREESE a lGcncosealbeccdorc 
