EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM AND PEAR SCALE. 
155 
TaBeE II.—Results of spraying for the European pear scale, San Jose, Cal., 1908—Con. 
Second examina- 
tion, Mar. 21, 1908. 
Plat Per- R k Third examination, Dec. 17, 
ment. es emarks. 
No. Beratnent Num- Num-| cent- 8. 
ber ber | age 
scales is 
exam.| Scales} _of 
ned dead.) dead 
. scales. 
1 | Lime-sulphur (home- |1,000 | 828 (7) al ee eee Many scales living; lichens 
made). mostly dead. 
2 | Commercial lime-sul- | 492 51 LO} PE Satan sce ewee seats ls Many scales living; only 
phur, No. 1. larger lichens dead. 
3 | Commercial lime-sul- | 838} 581 70 | Seale killed better Do. 
phur, No. 2. where there is heavy 
incrustation. 
4 | Commercial distillate- | 646 | 280 43 | Lichens not all killed..| Many scales living; no lich- 
oil emulsion. ens killed. 
5a| Distillate oil emulsion | 549 | 285 52) aaa GOS eeteeiess-4.o50% Do. 
(homemade). 
Sole ee (OO: aadateuatseseee 678 | 364 OHSeleos se GOs eet eee ee Do. 
6 | Commercial creosote- | 490 | 174 Coulee GOGs aaa coeie ae Many scales living; lichens 
oil emulsion. mostly living. 
7a; Creosote-oil emulsion | 571 | 424 74 | Lichensall killed; bark| Many scales living; lichens 
(homemade). hard and injured. mostly dead. 
Oe OOS Se ees teen eee 854 | 780 91 | Lichens all killed...... Do. 
8 | Commercial carbolic- | 789 | 689 Valls eee GO eeoiss saeco. Do. 
distillate emulsion. 
9 | Crude-oil emulsion. .... 697 | 480 GON). 2228 GOBGeREeRearene os Most all scales dead; lichens 
mostly all dead. 
LON tCausticisodas: =... -- 42-4 905 | 632 64 | Lichens all killed; | Most all scales living; lichens 
bark hard. mostly all dead. 
lla; Crude-oil emulsion. .... (a) (d) 1OOWIS sees CORSE AS Sa 5sch. 22 Most all scales dead; lichens 
mostly all dead. 
DS. 258 Geet weec ease r ate (a) (b) 100),|-e- << Ot READERS SCORE Core Do. 
Kelle es ONS . SRS eee Sees (a) (b) TOO; cess GOSS Aa Ree Do. 
disses COREs Ree ee (a) (¢) SOE a eer does Do. 
Check! Umsprayed.....-.-....- 736 84 WN en eqost danogcccoopantes dlaceocogasence dic cose sotenese ce 
a Large number. b All. c Nearly all. 
An examination of the table shows that at the end of the season 
only the crude-oil emulsions had proved adequate in killing all the 
scales and lichens. No injury to the trees was apparent except where 
the caustic soda and creosote-oil emulsion were used. 
SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS IN 1909. 
PLAN OF WORK AND MANNER OF APPLICATION. 
A badly infested orchard other than the one used in 1908 was 
selected and divided into 6 different plats of 32 trees each. Four 
examinations of infested material were made in the laboratory and 
in the field at intervals of three days, three weeks, six weeks, and 
eight months, respectively, after the applications. A large number 
of scales was examined from each of the six plats and the check plat. 
The applications were made March 1, 1909, with a strong power 
outfit, using two leads of hose with 12-foot bamboo rods and single- 
crook nozzles, with }-inch apertures. A pressure of 200 to 240 
pounds was maintained, and the trees were given a very thorough 
treatment. 
