EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM AND PEAR SCALE. 159 
Tasie 1V.—Comparative cost of spray materials. 
Homma Cost of | Cost per | Cost per | Cost per pao 
Treatment. — ~ ingredi- | 100 gal- | diluted tree gees 
Reticle, | Quantity. ents. lons. gallon. | (prune). cot). 
6 per cent distillate ee A OP po AE bro 6 gallons..--|) gq 49 
oil (mechanical |/Caustic soda......- 2 pounds... - “VW \30.53 $0.0053 | $0.0212 | $0.0265 
mixture). WW ateties oe. ape 94 gallons. - .| 
Concentrated emul- | 11 gallons. . -| ee 
6 per cent distillate- sion. \|  . 5786 \ ; fe 
il emulsion. |)Caustic soda....... 2 pounds... . Bah ay (ee 6886 | . 00688 -0275 0344 
Waters: -tneeoen:s 89 gallons. . .| 
5 per cent distillate- || Congentastes emul-| 9 gallons... - ind ; 
oil emulsion and CRTISHC Hod aoa nee 10 pounds. . .| 55 \ 1.023 . 0102 0408 -O511 
caustic soda. Wratelie cert ne: 91 gallons. . . 
4 per cent commercial ; 
distillate-oil emul- {waion sap kee or aloes “| 4.00 | 1.00 | .o1 04 05 
sion, lm Plana BIR enn == 2.» we 
4 per cent gonna es 63 gall | 
distillate-oil emul- TOUMIBIOM ns. s eo % gallons. . - ' Ee 
sion and caustic |) Water.............- 924 gallons. . 1,326 1.326 -0132 -0528 -066 
soda. | 
OU os ee sadeeecne 12 eelons: ac 3964 | 
12 per cent crude-oil ||Soap........-.----- 10 pounds. . . cs rire ~ : aa 
alate. lke Ma TSE es meas -0875 5493 | .0054 0219 | 0274 
Water 25.45. .2-u- 88 gallons. - . | 
ISOS eerie eee 20 pounds... 55 | 1 
Resin-soda wash.....| cessor oi a a wee Sea 33 1.011 | .0101 .0404 | .0505 
Waters... ful 100 gallons. .|) 1812 
Comuuercial lime-sul- Cabinet solu- | 11 gallons. . . san 504 ses Ae is 
phur No. 1 (1-8). Waster. s9.c2c0o eee: 88 eels | Nea oo 
P 1; bent eee enone ee 40 pounds... 2 
nee” lime-sul- Jcuiphur............ 30 pounds... pee \ 1045) |- .O0ds. | Open P| 20728 
g WiEGCT ae ose, nievoeyars's 100 gallons. . : 
Caustic soda.......... Nese soda....... ae ee % \ .66 66 | .0066 | .0264| .033 
Bowsdie oat. os si EOrBK... ilies \ 2.32 | 2.32 0232 | .0928| 116 
SUMMARY. 
Distillate-oil emulsion at 5 per cent and 6 per cent strengths, with 
and without caustic soda; crude-oil emulsion at 12 percent strength; 
and resin-soda wash are effective in controlling the European fruit 
Lecanium and in cleaning up the trees from lichens and do not injure . 
the trees when applied as a winter treatment. 
Distillate-oil emulsion at 5 per cent and 6 per cent strengths, with 
and without caustic soda; distillate oil at 6 per cent strength (mechan- 
ical mixture); and crude-oil emulsion at 12 per cent strength are 
effective in controlling the European pear scale, destroy the lichens, 
and do not injure the trees when applied as a winter treatment. 
Caustic-soda and creosote-oil emulsion sprays control both of these 
scales and destroy the lichens, but are injurious to the tree. 
Lime-sulphur and borax sprays are not so efficient in controlling 
these scales, especially the European fruit Lecanium, as are the 
distillate-oil and crude-oil emulsions, and borax acts on the trees in 
the same way as does caustic soda. 
Distillate-oil and crude-oil emulsions appear to have distinct fungi- 
cidal properties aside from their insecticidal value. 
