4 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
TaBLeE III.—Spring brood of pupe—summary of pupal periods shown in Tables I and IT. 
Number : mai 
i ° . ae Maximum) Minimum | Average 
Wintering larve: collected. oe pupal life. | pupal life. |pupal life. 
Days. Days. Days. 
Marelna lo). cocscce oes cece Shoe ae see cles eels seco oe aeee 83 31 24 26.2 
SPT OU Ss iicice tk caletce ace ce ate c ease e Se oes atime bine mace eee eaie 48 26 13 18.5 
101) Ree Memeo ndatenaaseaasaacesaad aiseire SOnEeOre 131 31 13 23.5 
SPRING BROOD OF MOTHS. 
Duration of emergence.—Emergence began out of doors March 31, 
on which date we captured a moth while collecting wintering mate- 
rial at the outdoor apple bin. As no empty pupal cases were found 
this may be considered the beginning of emergence. Ben Davis 
apple trees were in full bloom at this time. From wintering material 
collected March 31, moths began emerging April 9. Some probably 
would have issued earlier had not a large proportion of the pupx been 
injured in collecting. On again examining the apple bin, on April 21, 
the numerous empty pupal cases indicated that about 25 per cent of 
the moths had issued, there being found 64 empty cases and 193 
larve and pup. By May 27 all moths had emerged from collected 
wintering material except two belated individuals which issued 
June 6 and 8. The latter date coincides with the issuance of the first 
moth of the first brood. Briefly, the spring brood of moths issued 
during a period of 2 months, beginning with the date of full-bloom 
of apple trees (March 31). 
The emergence of moths from collected wintering material is shown 
in Table IV. 
TaBLe 1V.—Emergence of spring brood of moths—summary of emergence records from 
wintering material collected March 24, March 31, and April 21. 
|| | 
Number Number Number | | Number | Number 
Date. |of moths || Date. |of moths); Date. | of moths|) Date. |of moths|| Date. | of moths 
emerging. emerging. emerging.|) jemerging.) emerging. 
| 
Apr. 9 1 || Apr. 20.. 1 || May 1... 3 || May 12-. 16 || May 23.- 8 
Apr. 10 2 || Apr. 21-. 3 || May 2... 9 || May 18.. 12 || May 24.. 1 
Apr. 11 0 || Apr. 22... 4 || May 3... 10 || May 14.. 0 || May 25-.. 3 
Apr. 12 0 || Apr. 23.. 11 || May 4... 13 || May 15.. 11 || May 26.. 2 
Apr. 13 1 || Apr.24.. 2 || May 5... 22 || May 16.. 11 || May 27.. 1 
Apr. 14 0 || Apr 25... 4 || May 6... 2 || May 17.. 8 || June 6... 1 
Apr. 15 2 || Apr. 26.. 0 || May 7... 0 || May 18.. 7 |) Junes..- 1 
Apr. 16 TA eA pre 2 ie 0 || May 8... 3 || May 19.. 5 
Apr. 17 2 || Apr. 28.. 1 || May 9... 0 || May 20.. 10 
Apr. 18 4 || Apr. 29.. 2 || May 10.. 27 || May 21.. 6 
Apr. 19 1 || Apr.30-. 1 ||} May 11.. 29 || May 22.. 11 
The data given in Table IV are shown graphically in the accompany- 
ing curve, figure 1. 
The above record is from 320 larve and 232 pupe collected March 
24, March 31, and April 21 from the outdoor apple bin. These 552 
