THE CODLING MOTH IN THE OZARKS. 9 
pupal stages lasted a month, but the later individuals to transform 
spent only 2 weeks as pupz; so that the time of emergence of the 
spring moths was shortened by 15 days. Again, the first eggs 
required 20 days to hatch, and the last only 5, a shortening by another 
15 days of the period during which the first brood of larvee entered 
the fruit. 
In 1907 the first larva was found in the orchard May 18, newly 
hatched, and in the act of entering the calyx. This was 6 weeks 
after the petals had fallen from the apple trees. Several wormy 
apples were found May 23, and they soon became abundant. On 
June 17 to 20, observations by Mr. Dudley Moulton at Bentonville, 
Ark., and by the writer at Siloam Springs indicated that the first 
brood had nearly all entered. Over 500 wormy apples were collected 
in orchards at the two places, but no larve just entering were found, 
the smallest larve having burrowed to the core. 
Maturing of larve.—tin 1908 the first cocoon was found under a 
band May 27, and contained a newly transformed pupa (soft and 
white), indicating that the larva had left the fruit not later than May 
24. Two full-grown larve left picked fruit May 26, the fruit having 
been collected in the orchard that day. The band record from 18 
trees (page 24) indicates that the last of the first brood of larve 
went into cocoons about July 15, or 52 days after the first larva left 
the fruit. This gives an increase of about a week over the time be- 
tween the first and last entering larve of this brood. 
In 1907 the first mature larve left picked fruit June 12. On June 
17 many larve and some pup were taken from bands, the last pre- 
vious examination of the bands being on June 10. In 1906 larvee 
had begun to spin cocoons by June 5, as indicated by a sending of 
wormy fruit from Bentonville, Ark., by Mr. W. M. Scott to Mr. Moul- 
ton. Several larve had spun up en route. 
Period vn fruit.—Several of the earlier larve of the first brood 
hatched and were placed on bagged fruit May 4. Six larve reached 
maturity, leaving the fruit May 26-29, after an average life in the 
apple of 23.8 days, the minimum being 22 and the maximum 25 days. 
A greater range would probably occur in the field between larvee 
in exposed fruit and those in the shaded interior of the trees. 
Larval life in cocoon.—Forty-three larvee which became full grown 
before July 10 showed an average interval of 7.2 days between leay- 
ing the fruit and pupation when kept in vials out of doors. The 
shortest interval was 3 days and the longest 19. The normal time 
in the orchard is probably nearer the minimum here shown, as in 
the glass vials many larve seemed to spend an unusually long time 
trying to build a suitable cocoon. Individual records on this stage 
are given in Table VIII. 
