36 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
from Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Brit- 
ish Columbia. In the State of New York it has been recorded by 
Lintner, Slingerland, and others; at Manhattan, Kans., by Faville; 
at Santa Fe, N. Mex., by Cockerell;.at North East, Pa., by the writer; 
at Port Hope, Mich., by Pettit, and at Douglas, Mich., by Braucher. 
FOOD PLANTS AND INJURY. 
The insect has a rather limited list of food plants. Originally it 
probably fed on native crab apples and certain species of Crataegus. 
With the extensive planting of orchards, it has found in apple and 
pear favorite food plants, and it is largely to these two fruits that its 
depredations have been confined. It has also been recorded feeding 
upon quince and plums, and will undoubtedly be found on other trees 
allied to them. 
Like many other injurious insects, the work of the cigar case-bearer, 
when the species is present in destructive numbers, comes suddenly into 
evidence. The caterpillars infest mainly the leaves, but in the spring 
they may also be found on the buds and the young fruits. Injury at 
this time of the season is naturally quite important as affecting both 
the vigor of the trees and the development of the fruit. As shown in 
Plate I, figures 1 and 2, the foliage, under conditions of serious infes- 
tation, becomes practically skeletonized. In the orchard at North 
East. Pa., which came under the writer’s observation in 1908, the 
foliage was completely devoured and withered by the early part of 
June, and from a distance appeared brown and dead, as if swept by 
fire. Neighboring fruit growers believed this to be due to the burn- 
ing effect of an arsenical spray, but as a matter of fact the orchard 
had, to the knowledge of the present owners, never been sprayed, 
When inspected, June 3, the larvie, in their cigar-shaped cases, were 
found in such great numbers that not only had the foliage been com- 
pletely devoured, but the tender growths of the branches had been 
very generally attacked. (Pl. I, fig. 3.) It was probably owing to 
lack of food that they were dropping down from the branches, sus- 
pended by a silken thread, in search of new feeding places. The 
owner, Mr. A. L. Short, and his team at the time of plowing the 
orchard were completely covered with the larve and presented a very 
strange sight. In looking through the spaces between the rows of 
trees one was impressed with the abundance of the larvee, for their 
cases in countless numbers, suspended by silken threads and waving 
back and forth in the breeze, almost resembled a drapery. As the 
larvee ceased feeding by about the middle of June, the trees put out 
2 new growth of leaves, and later in the season the condition of the 
orchard was favorable to its recuperation from the attack. 
