CODLING MOTH IN NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA. ie 
Unless reared, the larvee of the two broods can not be separated and 
are simply referred to as overwintering larvee. Similarly the resulting 
pup and moths in the spring originate from the two separate broods 
of the previous year’s larve, and these are spoken of as ‘spring-brood 
pup’ and ‘“spring-brood moths.” 
SPRING BROOD OF PUP. 
Time of pupation.—In the rearing cages the first observed pupation 
took place May 24. Considering, however, the time of the earliest 
record for the emergence of moths, and the duration of the pupal 
stage, which at that time of the season lasted 24 days, it is probable 
that pupation must have begun as early as May 20. The last larvee 
of the wintering broods pupated June 25. The pupation period thus 
covered a length of time of over one month (fig. 22). Since the last 
moth of the spring brood emerged July 17, pupz were in evidence 
from May 20 to July 17. 
Length of spring pupal stage.—In cage experiments, records were 
obtained of the duration of the pupal stage for 50 individuals. (See 
Table I.) 
TaBLE I —Length of pupal periods in spring brood from wintering larvx, collected 
during 1908, on banded trees. 
Date of— Date of— 
No. Days.|| No. Days. 
Pupa- Emer- Pupa- Emer- | 
tion. gence. tion gence 
1| May 24} June 17 24 28 
2} May 25] June 16 22 29 
3 rdos.s. June 19 25 30 
4 Edo sae June 28 34 31 
5 | May 26] June 17 22 || 32 a 
Gi |Paadose=.- June 20 25 || 33 
qi May 27 \|- ed0r sen: 24 || 34 
Bile aed Ose #2 dOso25 24 35 
9 adore =GOsseas 24 36 
10 Gores June 27 31 37 
11 Ones. - June 20 24 38 
12 do CO nra. 6 24 39 
13 do LAC see 24 | 40 
€ 14 doses... June 14 18 | 41 
15 Chow E = 3 June 20 24 42 
16 do ee GOsaaee 24 | 43 
17 do Pn d0ssece 24 44 
18 oloy Sas June 14 18 45 
19 | May 28} June 19 22 46 
20 dow2. - June 20 23 47 
21 do Dees 23 48 
22 doiles. June 21 24 49 
23 do.'. >. June 20 23 50 
24 dor June 16 19 51 
25 dos. = June 21 24 52 
26 | May 29 }...do..... 23 53 
21) WWeicis AOeeess Grea: 23 
639 438 
