146 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
TaBLE XXI1.—Percentages of larvx entering fruit at the calyx, side, and stem, respec- 
tively, for the one-spray, demonstration, and unsprayed plats in Arkansas, Virginia, 
and Michigan, in 1909. 
First and second broods of the codling moth combined. 
Calyx. Side. Stem. 
Locality. 
One Demon: Un- One |P ees calms One |P aie aalteas Ie 
spray. aah sprayed.| spray. oa sprayed.| spray. Hon sprayed. 
Siloam Springs, Ark...-... 15.96 | 54.81 79.73 | 75.38 | 41.93 15.93 8. 66 3. 26 4.34 
Crozet, OVieekcaseces scree ke 4.55 7.73 50.38 | 89.64 |] 85.49 37.94 5.81 6.78 11. 68 
Mount Jackson, Va..-....- 8.99 13. 68 77.62 | 77.70 | 77.20 16.26 | 13.31 9.12 6. 12 
Saugatuck, Mich.......... 1.83 2.86 | 62.74) 96.92] 96.83 34. 44 as 0.31 2.82 
AI Verages 2a scc 8 &-\2 7.67 15. 29 68.17 | 85.89 | 79.91 25. 50 6. 44 4.80 6.33 
CONCLUSIONS. 
From the data presented, covering one season’s work in three 
States, it appears that very satisfactory results may be obtained by 
the one-spray method, in so far as the control of the codling moth 
and plum curculio is concerned, although further experimentation 
will be necessary before final conclusions can be reached. Sight must 
not be lost, however, of the fact of the necessity, under eastern condi- 
tions, of making applications of Bordeaux mixture or other fungicide 
for the control of fungous diseases; so that in effect the one-spray method 
under present practices can not be recommended to orchardists in 
regions where fungous troubles, such as apple scab, apple fruit blotch, 
bitter rot, and leaf-spot affections require treatment. 
The results, however, show the great importance of very thorough 
spraying to fill the calyx cups with poison. Although the impor- 
tance of accomplishing this has long been recognized by entomol- 
ogists and fruit growers, it would appear that this work has not 
been done with sufficient thoroughness in the past, and eastern 
apple growers could certainly with great profit give more attention 
to thoroughness in the first spraying for the codling moth, imme- 
diately after the falling of the petals. The russeting of the fruit fol- 
lowing such drenching applications of Bordeaux mixture, in which 
the arsenical has been generally applied, may doubtless be avoided 
by the substitution as a fungicide of dilute or self-boiled lime-sulphur 
wash, as shown to be feasible by Mr. W. M. Scott, of the Bureau of 
Plant Industry. 
O 
