ONE-SPRAY METHOD FOR CODLING MOTH, ETC. 145 
The plum curculio, it will also be noted, was not especially destruc- 
tive at Saugatuck, Mich., during the season of 1909, the unsprayed 
trees showing 87.42 per cent of fruit free from injury. Nevertheless 
the demonstration and one-spray plats show a fair benefit, but the 
difference in the amount of fruit free from injury between these two 
plats, namely, 1.23 per cent, is not important. 
SUMMARY STATEMENT OF RESULTS. 
For the purpose of more ready comparison, the percentages of fruit 
free from codling-moth and plum-curculio injury on the one-spray, 
demonstration, and unsprayed plats, from the several localities, are 
tabulated in Table XXIV. The average percentage of fruit free from 
these insects for the four orchards gives for the one-spray method 
91.46 per cent as against 96.57 per cent for the demonstration treat- 
ment, a gain in favor of the latter of 5.11 per cent. Comparing the final 
average of percentage of fruit free from the plum curculio, there is seen 
to be a gain in favor of the demonstration treatment of 6.27 per cent. 
TaBLE XXIV.—Percentages of fruit free from injury by the codling moth and plum cur- 
culio on one-spray, demonstration, and unsprayed plats in Arkansas, Virginia, and 
Michigan, in 1909. 
Codling moth. Plum curculio. 
Locality. st PMP ek TN a ss SE 
One Demon- Un- One Demon- Un- 
spray. | stration. | sprayed.| spray. | stration. | sprayed. 
SLOG PrIMNeS PAM Kye ows e asec Aste ese 92.76 98. 12 66. 74 86. 34 82. 88 8.85 
(Chapaiity Willa Sees oO ap OBe aS HO Ne See ReeS 84. 07 94. 13 53. 02 73.93 86. 89 54. 02 
IMGUNE ACKSOMMVias.2 222-.-coh ae cam eoa sees 91. 68 92.74 54. 00 57. 90 40. 82 27. 23 
Sey noe eo OG MES See eer pecenc Se eOrerc 93. 61 97. 66 77.79 97. 54 98. 77 87. 42 
Average of four localities. ........... 91.46 96. 57 65. 14 77.10 83. 37 49.17 
Table XXV presents in comparison the effect of treatments for the 
four orchards in reducing the number of wormy apples. The table 
shows, besides the total efficiency, the protection afforded to each 
of the different parts of the apple. From the averages of the four 
localities it will be seen that approximately two-thirds of the total 
larve on the unsprayed plat entered through the calyx, while on 
the sprayed plats over three-fourths of the worms entered the fruit 
by way of the side. This shows the very much greater efficiency 
of the poison in the calyx than of that on the side of the fruit and 
emphasizes the twofold advantage of a thorough poisoning of the 
calyx, as there it is that the spray gives the greatest protection 
against the greatest number of larve. A comparison of the effects 
of the one-spray and demonstration treatments on the percentage 
of apples wormy at the calyx shows about an equal degree of pro- 
tection by the two methods, the average for the demonstration 
treatment being slightly the better. As to side entrance, the one- 
spray gave little improvement over the unsprayed condition, while 
the demonstration showed a considerable reduction. Both methods 
were effective in reducing entrance at the stem end, the demonstra- 
tion somewhat the more so, 
