146 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
TABLE XXV.—Eficiency of the one-spray and demonstration treatments, as shown by 
the percentages of wormy apples, Arkansas, Virginia, and Michigan, 1909. 
Percentage of wormy apples. “ 
Calyx. Side. Stem. Total. 
Locality. § & & & 
oe Me tes eens eat | ete haves sale HO es call Mis cof lon 
a g a, = fe a g g = g fy 
a g a | 8 q a | ¥ q a) oi ¢ & 
Pa |B be BoB 2 eee se ae 
xe a Pp ° a) P ° a) =) (e) =) Pp 
ere aN era Wena Wea ml Wer tens eer IVE clea bean, [Pel ar IVES WIP Nh Nat 
Siloam Springs, Ark....... 1.18 | 1.03 |26.85 | 5.54 | 0.79 | 5.36 | 0.64 | 0.20 | 1.46 | 7.24 | 1.88 | 33.26 
@rozets Wale csecs ow tees see -t3 .45 |23.67 {14.28 | 5.02 |17. 82 -92 | .40 | 5.49 /15.93 | 5.87 | 46.98 
Mount Jackson, Va.......- | ssitlo .99 135.71 | 6.46 | 5.61 | 7.48 | 1.11 .66 | 2.81 | 8.32 | 7.26 | 46.00 
Saugatuck, Mich.@......... | sao .09 |13.98 | 7.05 | 2.92 | 7.67 | .09 - 01 - 62 | 6.36 | 2.33 | 22.20 
Average Skene ot eee | .68| .57 |23.85 | 7.64 | 2.87 | 8.92 | .59] .18| 2.21 | 8.55 | 3.42 | 34.86 
a The figures under calyx, side, and stem for Saugatuck are based on the number of entrance holes in- 
stead of the number of apples entered. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
From the data presented, covering one season’s work in three 
States, it appears that very satisfactory results may be obtaimed by 
the one-spray method, in so far as the control of the codling moth 
and plum curculio is concerned, although further experimentation 
will be necessary before final conclusions can be reached. Sight must 
not be lost, however, of the fact of the necessity, under eastern condi- 
tions, of making applications of Bordeaux mixture or other fungicide 
for the control of fungous diseases; so that in effect the one-spray 
method under present practices can not be recommended to orchard- 
ists in regions where fungous troubles, such as apple scab, apple 
fruit blotch, bitter rot, and leaf-spot affections require treatment. 
The results, however, show the great importance of very thorough 
spraving to fill the calyx cups with poison. The efficiency of the 
spray at this point is much greater than at any other part of the 
apple. This, taken in connection with the fact that the majority of 
the larve seek the calyx as a point of entrance, makes the fillmg 
of the calyx of prime importance. Although the importance of 
accomplishing this has long been recognized by entomologists and 
fruit growers, it would appear that this work has not been done 
with sufficient thoroughness in the past, and eastern apple growers 
could certainly with great profit give more attention to thorough- 
ness in the first spraying for the codling moth, immediately after 
the falling of the petals. The russeting of the fruit following such 
drenching applications of Bordeaux mixture, in which the arsenical has 
been generally applied, may doubtless be avoided by the substitution 
as a fungicide of dilute or self-boiled lime-sulphur wash, as shown to 
be feasible by Mr. W. M. Scott, of the Bureau of Plant Industry. 
O 
