154 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. 
Plat 11a, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion—The formula was as 
follows: 
Boling waters: .. sacs en: Sele nee eee eee ee gallons.. 10 
Mish=oil soap). 22S hacis ceo ccite wen toe 6 oe ee eee eee ere pounds.. 2% 
(D1 pee er eens Coe mya rae ame oe Vea" opts Sates eo 2 dO oe 
Crude \oil/(16? to 22° Baume). 2225 so onsen eee eee gallons.. 3 
The soap and lye were dissolved in the water, which was then 
placed in a barrel; 22 gallons of water were then added and the oil 
slowly poured in, and the mixture was thoroughly stirred. A very 
good emulsion resulted. 
Plat 11b, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion.—Same as for plat 11a, 
except that a ‘kerosene soap” was used. 
Plat 11c, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion.—Same as 11a, except that 
a 14° Baumé crude oil was used. 
Piat 11d, 12 per cent crude-oil emulsion.—Same as 11a, except that a 
12° to 14° Baumé crude oil was used. . 
None of the emulsions for plat 11 was forced through the pumps; 
but, on the other hand, no water was added to the mixture after the 
oil had been poured in. It seems to be essential, in order to keep 
free oil from coming to the top, that this be avoided. A good emulsion 
resulted in each case. The difference in gravity did not seem to make 
- much difference in the emulsions, but the 16° to 22° Baumé, which 
was a “Coalinga special,’ appeared to give the best emulsion. All 
of the crude oils used contained an asphalt base. 
RESULTS. 
The results of the several sprays are given in Table II. 
TasLe II.—Results of spraying for the European pear scale, San Jose, Cal., 1908. 
| 
First examination, 
Mar. 3, 1908. 
5 ou 
te er 
Plat 2 3 Per- 
r sprays = 
No. Treatment. as ae Nee Nand aeee 
ed. Seas ser age 
| exam- | SC2és wv 
| ned dead. | dead 
; scales 
i); Limzve-sulphur (homemade) £--asss-25--- eee eee eens Feb. 18 16: 1,172 )) 1,000 85 
2) (Commercial lime-sulphun No. le. 22-2 eee ean Boys See 9 547 51 9 
3) | Commercial lime-sulphur; NO: 222252. Seen ee eee 30200: 2228 13 838 581 69 
4 Commercial distillate-oil emulsion.................--- do. aes 13 926 | 280 30 
5a | Distillate-oil emulsion (homemade) ...............--- Feb. 19 7 834 285 34 
DOM eee ae Oe ee ee eis en on ee ee re ae eae es do 8 1,042 364 34 
6 | Commercial creosote-oil emulsion................----- do 11 664 174 26 
7a | Creosote-oil emulsion (homemade) ..........---...--- Feb. 20 8 995 424 42 
{OU eee GOSS ies oe EE ee naa Re eae do 11 854 780 91 
8 | Commercial carbolic-distillate emulsion. ............- do 13 789 689 7 
Os NCride-oll emulsion teas noes caer ee cee eee er MOO eee TN ale alei7 480 40 
LOMA @ashicisod at ei ee ee eee Ser ee eee ee SEXGOR See 6 905 632 64 
lil@ | erude-oiliemulsion,s.2:2 43.20 soo seen oe are eee Mar. 3 (oy [Eee | .c aera 1=| aieehpenetate 
WUD eee GOS cee oe ates cab vee caches een Eee ore ten ees Bacto (oye Apne 6) [as sees ESS re ||seseisoce 
Tiles | hee 2 GO See IA Se leno ce eee eee ei Se do.. Gisliscrtenes | eRe eee aces 
Ms cers GO) esac se cops arcGmnees See ote eaee ee Coe eee eee do (hh BA boeecaleesaneac||oacroces 
| 
