EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM AND PEAR SCALE. 155 
Tasie I1.—Results of spraying jor the European pear scale, San Jose, Cal., 1908—Con. 
Second examina- 
tion, Mar. 21, 1908. 
Io | = Third examinati dec. 17 
te | Treatment. |Num-s9mn- pas Remarks. 3 oe Dec. 17, 
ber 
scales Per | age 
|>~.- | Scales} _ of 
ena dead.) dead | 
{Sc ales. 
2 ces 7 va ees = a — SS 
(o|oime-sulphur (Chome= |U}000:; 828) | 82)||-2-s5. 52-225. = | Many scales living; lichens 
made). | | mostly dead. 
2} Commercial lime-sul- | 492 51 LO) bese enes cies cae eee ee Many scales living; only 
{ _phur, No. 1. | larger lichens dead. 
3 | Commercial lime-sul-| 838 581 70 | Seale killed better | Do. 
phur, No. 2. where there is heavy | 
incrustation. 
4 | Commercial distillate- | 646 280 43 | Lichens not all killed... Many scales living; no lich- 
oil emulsion. | ens killed. 
5a) Distillate oil emulsion | 549 | 285 By ee hs GOsess ore hace oese | Do. 
(homemade). 
sie) ee GOP toate aoe 678 | 364 53) |e eee GOR see re eee Do. 
6 | Commercial creosote- | 490 174 Soi eees Ose eee eee | Many scales living; lichens 
oil emulsion. mostly living. 
7a, Creosote-oil emulsion | 571 424 | 74] Lichensall killed; bark} Many scales living; lichens 
(homemade). hard and injured. mostly dead. 
Uf) see Olt as ant ee ae 854 | 780 91 | Lichens all killed...... Do. 
8 Commercial carbolic- | 789 689 Ue eae hes Saaceres aaa Do. 
distillate emulsion. | 
9 Crude-oil emulsion. .... | 697 | 480 69) esses Glee SB aa 5censoe noes | Most all scales dead; lichens 
| mostly all dead. 
TOM Caustie sodae 2.3%... . 905 | 632 64 | Lichens all killed; | Most all scales living; lichens 
| bark hard. mostly all dead. 
lla, Crude-oil emulsion. .... (a) (b) LOOR ESE = Om sre Arete othe Most all scales dead; lichens 
| mostly all dead. 
iil) Poets (0 (Cy... eee ee (a) (b) LOOMS ae GO etc. = eee Do 
Ie DEMO Sa eee sen (a) (b) 10, eee dower Soa tee oe | Do 
IA eos Cth ne AA ae ee oe | (a) | (ce) GON eect. OKO ene eee eee Do 
Check] Unsprayed............. | 736 | 84 URI Sea Oe at Ste Oe Arh hed Ba ee Ss Soe Be 
| i] 
a Large number. b AML. ¢ Nearly all. 
An examination of the table shows that at the end of the season 
only the crude-oil emulsions had proved adequate in killing all the 
scales and lichens. No injury to the trees was apparent except where 
the caustic soda and creosote-oil emulsion were used. 
SPRAYING EXPERIMENTS IN 1909. 
PLAN OF WORK AND MANNER OF APPLICATION. 
A badly infested orchard other than the one used in 1908 was 
selected and divided into 6 different plats of 32 trees each. Four 
examinations of infested material were made in the laboratory and 
in the field at intervals of three days, three weeks, six weeks, and 
eight months, respectively, after the applications. A large number 
of scales was examined from each of the six plats and the check plat. 
The applications were made March 1, 1909, with a strong power 
outfit, using two leads of hose with 12-foot bamboo rods and single- 
crook nozzles, with }-inch apertures. A pressure of 200 to 240 
pounds was maintained, and the trees were given a very thorough 
treatment. 
