52 THE WHITE-FUNGUS DISEASE IN KANSAS. 
bugs are about to migrate and the field to be protected. Such bar- 
riers are of value in preventing the injury caused by the massing of 
the bugs in the proximal side of the field into which the bugs are 
endeavoring to migrate, and by permitting destruction to a vast 
number of the invading host, but it should be remembered that when 
a field of grain that is infested with chinch bugs is harvested the 
bugs leave in all directions. 
If the barrier is erected along one side of the field only, the bugs 
which escape from the other sides of the field manage to live on 
grasses and other vegetation, which usually can be readily found, 
until they get their wings, when they take wing and finally get into 
the corn. They not only injure it, but raise another brood, the adults 
of which pass the winter and come out in the spring to continue their 
ravages. Just before harvest practically all the chinch bugs in any 
community will be found in the grain fields, and if each one of the 
grain fields in the community were surrounded by an effective bar- 
rier such a large percentage of the bugs could be destroyed that the 
community would be rid of bugs in injurious numbers. If this could 
be done throughout the entire infested area there is little doubt but 
that the bugs could be successfully controlled and thousands of dol- 
lars’ worth of damage prevented. However, a barrier along one side 
of a field is worth while and is to be recommended when for any 
reason it is not possible to erect it on all sides of the field. 
Spraying.—It may happen that because of delay in getting an 
effective barrier up, the bugs get into the cornfield and mass them- 
selves on the first rows. When this occurs the spray pump should be 
brought into use, and the bugs killed with kerosene emulsion or else 
with crude oil. 
Kerosene emulsion.—The emulsion is made as follows: Dissolve 1 
pound of laundry soap in 1 gallon of boiling rain water, then while 
hot add 2 gallons of kerosene, or coal oil, and stir vigorously with a 
stick for 10 minutes. The solution will soon take on a creamy 
appearance, but the stirring should be kept up for the full time. 
After the stirring is complete, from 27 to 47 gallons of rain water 
may be added according to the strength of the pola desired. By 
adding 47 gallons a 4 per cent solution is obtained, and Prof. Forbes 
and others have found this solution strong enough to kill most of the 
bugs and not injure the corn; but in our experiments this season we 
found that a 4 per cent solution did not kill the bugs to our satisfac- 
tion, and that the stronger solution, made by adding only 27 gallons 
of water, killed the bugs almost instantly and did not injure the corn 
to any exctatit when care was taken not to let the spray run down the 
inner circle of leaves at the crown. The important result to be 
obtained is the destruction of the bugs. As to whether the few rows of 
corn sprayed are injured or not, that is a minor consideration. If the 
bugs can be killed by the weaker solution and the corn saved, well 
