OBSERVATIONS DURING THE SEASON OF 1909. 41 
At Pullman, Wash., wheat was infested in 1908 on the college 
farm, the reports referring particularly to presence in volunteer 
wheat. 
In the Distriet of Columbia there is a report for occurrence on 
clover in 1909, and also for the occurrence and rearing of adults of 
Empoasca flavescens Fab., Deltocephalus nigrifrons Forbes, and Libur- 
nia puella Van D. from Panicum proliferum. 
OBSERVATIONS DURING THE SEASON OF 1909. 
During the season of 1909 it was possible for me to make observa- 
tions in a great number of different and widely separated localities 
and this furnished a basis for comparison of the conditions in different 
parts of the country. A general summary of these comparisons 
may be instructive. 
Starting in Iowa in the middle of June observations indicated but 
little injury from leafhoppers in the grain fields and only the ordi- 
nary amount of abundance in grassland—perhaps less than in many 
seasons on account of the lateness of the season and extremely wet 
weather conditions that had prevailed earlier in the season. In the 
Missouri Valley section wheat fields were practically free from jassids, 
as also from any indications of injury from aphidids, Hessian fly, or 
joint-worm. Fields of alfalfa intermixed with volunteer wheat and 
clumps of grass were infested with the usual species, but not in great 
abundance. In timothy, Deltocephalus inimicus was present but in 
moderate numbers. Farther north, at Vermillion, S. Dak., these 
species were present in wheat fields, but usually where some grass 
was present and there was little indication of direct infestation of 
spring wheat. 
At Brookings, 8. Dak., the extensive plats of wheat and grass gave 
an opportunity for ready comparison of the attack on different kinds 
of grains and grasses, but jassids were nowhere plenty. The greatest 
abundance occurred in fields of native grasses or where a considerable 
abundance of native grass was present. This included the usual 
species occurring in prairie grasses and im such abundance that they 
could be considered of economic importance. The importance of 
these prairie grasses is recognized, and the writer was told by Prof. 
James Wilson, director of the station, that they are much used for 
hay, the method being to cut every two years, and the dried grass of 
the year previous is said to be equally valuable for forage with the 
fresh growth. If cut in this manner it can be raked and stacked 
at once. 
At Fargo, N. Dak., jassid injury to wheat, oats, or spring-planted 
erains was not observable, although a few individuals were to be 
seen here and there. A few jassids that were afterwards gathered 
from the examination of a large number of fields in this section 
indicated that jassid injury to the spring-planted grains is practi- 
