46 LEAFHOPPERS AFFECTING CEREALS, ETC. 
wheat fields examined could jassids be considered of economic 
importance, none were found under clods, and the scarcity here 
could probably be attributed to clean culture. In fall wheat at 
Newark, Del., November 9, very few jassids were to be found. 
At College Park, Md., and Arlington, Va., the infestation with 
jassids was much more extensive than found at any of the other 
more northern localities and in both of these places was sufficient so 
that it might occasion noticeable injury. This is particularly true of 
plats which lie adjacent to strips of grass, such as those along road- 
ways and by the borders of fields. At Arlington, Va., especially 
(see Pl. II, fig. 2), the conditions indicated the readiness with which 
the jassids will migrate into fall wheat or other cereal crops from the 
adjacent grass or from the volunteer wheat of a summers’ growth. 
Individuals were found with the bodies distended as if filled with 
eggs, but egg laying was not observed, and the dissection of specimens 
revealed no completely developed eggs. 
At Raleigh, N. C., November 15, the author found a particularly 
interesting location in an oats field which was nearly surrounded by 
grasslands with strips of grass along roadsides. The oats were very 
seriously infested with leafhoppers, especially Deltocephalus nigrifrons, 
Athysanus exitiosus, and Dreculacephala reticulata. Cicadula 6-notata 
was present but not nearly so common as the other species, while only 
a few specimens of Phlepsius wrroratus were taken, and Deltocephalus 
inimicus was not observed at all. Many of the plants had leaves 
that were yellowed or withered and showed spots which had every 
appearance of being the result of punctures by these jassids. In the 
grass adjacent to ne field all the species occurring in the wheat 
were found, and in addition D. flavicosta Stal, Xerophlea viridis Fab., 
Athysanus Fe and Platymetopvus oniGlis. Evidently these latter 
species are not attracted to oats. It was also noticeable that the 
oats included only adults, and larvee were found only in the grasses— 
another proof of the recent migration from the grasses into the oats, in 
which particular case it was very clear that treatment of the adja 
cent grasslands would have lessened if not entirely prevented the 
infestation of the grain. 
At Columbia, S. C., November 16, in wheat fields near the city, an 
abundance of Deltocephalus nigrifrons was found which made up 
perhaps nine-tenths of the entire number of leafhoppers taken in the 
fields, while Cicadula 6-notata was not common, Athysanus exitiosus 
was quite common, Dreculacephala mollipes and Dr. reticulata were 
few, and Athysanus obtutus occurred in small numbers. These same 
species occurred in adjacent grasses, Deltocephalus nigrifrons bemg 
most abundant, other species in about the same proportion as 
observed for the wheat, and Xerophlea viridis occurring in small 
numbers. As compared with conditions at Raleigh, N. C., Drecu- 
lacephala reticulata seemed considerably less abundant. At Clemson 
