50 LEAFHOPPERS AFFECTING CEREALS, ETC. 
At Colorado Springs, Colo., April 20, on the native grasses leaf- 
hoppers were swarming by millions, a number of different species 
being represented. 
The conditions at Fort Collihs, Colo., April 22, were very similar 
although cold and high wind made the collection somewhat smaller. 
In central Kansas, near Delphos, April 24 to 28, jassids occurred in 
creat abundance in the native grasses, but were scarce in the wheat 
and other cultivated crops. 
A short trip in northern Michigan to determine the range of certain 
species was made in the latter part of June, collections being made at 
Detroit, Mackinac Island, Sault Sainte Marie, and St. Ignace, most 
of the time being spent at the ‘‘Soo.” Deltocephalus abdominalis 
occurred here in large numbers, both larvee and adults being taken. 
D. affinis, Cicadula 6-notata, and other species were abundant. 
SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF LEAFHOPPERS. 
The insects which are commonly known as leafhoppers are included 
in the group of bugs, Hemiptera, and in the suborder Homoptera, 
which includes among other forms the cicadas, plant-lice or aphides, 
and the scale insects. The name is applied more strictly to the old 
family Jasside, the members of which as a very general thing have 
the habit of jumping quickly when disturbed, and since their usual 
habitat is the leaf or stem of plants the term leafhopper is very 
appropriate. This old family, however, has been subdivided, and 
there are now recognized three or four families, and the members of 
all of these may properly be included in a discussion of the leaf- 
hoppers in general. The species of economic importance in connec- 
tion with cereal and forage crops are included in all of them, and there 
are so many points in which they have similarities of habit, and con- 
sequently are open to similar methods of treatment, that it is entirely 
logical to group them for the purpose of this paper. The most 
familiar examples of the groups are perhaps the grape leafhoppers, 
which produce so distinct a whitening or withering of grape leaves 
in the latter part of summer. The species with which we are more 
concerned are those which will be seen to rise in great numbers if 
disturbed from the grass in the pasture or meadow as one walks 
through the fields. 
Aside from the forms included in the Jasside proper, the name 
‘leafhopper” has been applied also to some of the ‘‘froghoppers” 
(Cercopide), also known as spittle insects, and some of these are so | 
similar in their habits and attacks upon forage crops that mention of 
a few of them may be necessary. Further, the name “‘leafhopper”’ 
is very generally applied to members of the family Fulgoride, espe- 
cially to the division Delphacine. These are minute insects with habits 
almost identical with those of the jassid leafhoppers infesting grasses, 
and since they are commonly confused with these, it wili be desirable 
