54 LEAFHOPPERS AFFECTING CEREALS, ETC. 
this differs in having a triangular spot on the vertex. I did not 
find it at Knoxville, Tenn., although it certainly should have been 
there at the time I was searching for it (November 22, 1909), as other 
leafhoppers were quite active at the time. It appears, therefore, 
that there is a northern limit for the species, and this limit is not 
determined by any limitation of food plants, since the species occurs 
readily on various plants, a number of which are common at points 
farther north. 
FOOD PLANTS. 
The food plants of the species have generally been stated as wheat 
or oats, but since these records usually come from cases of excessive 
abundance during autumn it is very evident that they are based on 
migrations from adjacent fields. This was clearly determined during 
the present autumn by the finding of adults and larve in grassland 
adjacent to wheat fields at Raleigh, N. C., and at Columbia and Clem- 
son College, S.C. At Raleigh it occurred in strips of bluegrass with 
other grasses; at Columbia and Clemson College particularly in 
Bermuda grass; and it was also found in Bermuda grass in fair 
abundance at Decatur, Ga. In Mississippi, Texas, Arizona, and 
California it was found most constantly in Bermuda grass and this 
is accredited as being one of its favorite hosts, but the records are 
too meager to permit the assertion that its range is coextensive 
with this plant. While observations are wanting, it may be very 
safely assumed that the eggs are deposited in some of these grasses 
of general distribution, that the larvee develop upon these during early 
summer months, and that only after maturity do they spread from 
these to the wheat and oats. 
DESCRIPTION. 
This species is one which is very easily recognized, since it differs 
definitely from the other leafhoppers with which it is ordinarily 
associated. The structural features are shown in figure 2. The 
head is of a rather bright yellow or orange-yellow color, with two 
light spots on the vertex, including ocelli, and the forewings are 
light green. Beneath, including the legs, it is of a pale yellow color, 
the borders of the abdomen being slightly reddish. 
A nymph which was referred to this species was found associated 
with adults at Raleigh, N. C., in the autumn of 1909. This was 
grayish, with orange patches on the sides of pronotum, and the same 
form associated with adults of reticulata has been sent to me from 
Dallas, Tex., so I feel confident that thisis the nymphalform. <A quite 
differently appearing nymph with more pointed head and a dark line 
along the middle line has been referred to this species by Prof. EK. D. 
Ball, based on California specimens, but must, I think, be different 
or indicate a separation of the California form. 
