94. LEAFHOPPERS AFFECTING CEREALS, ETC. 
distinctly angled and the plates short, rounded at the tips, and mar- 
gined with strong bristles, the length a little over one-eighth inch. 
(See fig. 24, a-e.) 
The eggs (fig. 24, g, h, 27), which are deposited under the leaf 
sheath next to the stem of the plant, are elongate and slightly curved, 
a little thicker at the head end, which can usually be distinguished 
by the presence of the dark pigment of the eye spots. The nymphs 
(fig. 24, f) resemble the adults in form, but are of a light-yellow color 
when small, gradually becoming darker, and retaining about the same 
shade of brown in the last nymphal stage or pupa as prevails in the 
adult. The abdomen is distinctly narrower than the thorax, and 
the wing-pads of the later nymphal stages extend back over its base. 
The life history was followed at Ames, Iowa, adults being taken the 
last week in April, which would indicate an adult hibernation, and 
the first nymphs noticed in spring occurred in May and matured by the 
middle of June. Adults then occurred through June and the greater 
part of July, and full-grown nymphs, belonging evidently to the second 
generation, were found in the latter part of July and again before the 
middle of September, and adults occurred commonly throughout the 
remainder of the season. Jt would appear, therefore, that there are 
three broods during the season, the third one hibernating as adults, 
though the nymphs found in July may have been belated ones of the 
first brood. The food plant was determined to be Andropogon 
scoparius at Ames, Iowa, and it undoubtedly occurs on this plant 
as a regular thing, but adults at least have been very commonly 
taken on other plants. I found it in considerable numbers in wheat 
fields at Arlington, Va., College Park, Md., Columbia, S. C., and also 
fairly abundant on Bermuda grass at several points in the Southern 
States, especially Columbia and Clemson College, S.C. The occur- 
rences in wheat were not so common as to indicate a very serious 
infestation to this crop, and unless eggs are laid in wheat in the spring 
the species is not likely to cause very serious damage to this crop. 
Very likely the adults simply migrate into wheat fields for the sake 
of better forage during autumn and return for the deposition of eggs 
to the grasses which are the ordinary food plants of the nymphal 
stages. The hibernating adults would be affected by burning, and 
this, with the use of hopperdozer or spraying, is about the only 
measure that can be recommended with our present knowledge of 
the habits of this species. 
THe TRRORATE LEAFHOPPER. 
(Phlepsius irroratus Say.) 
Phlepsius irroratus Say is one of the most abundant and widely 
distributed species of the genus, occurring all over the eastern United 
States from the extreme north to the Gulf and westward to the 
