100 LEAFHOPPERS AFFECTING CEREALS, BTC. 
The last ventral segment in the female is yellow, slightly longer 
than the preceding segment and slightly convex on the hind border. 
The pygofer is yellow; the ovipositor is black and equals the pygofer 
in length. In the male the last two ventral segments are whitish, 
somewhat hairy; the valve short, slightly angular; the plates nearly 
triangular; tips acute, scarcely reaching the end of the pyfoger. The 
length is about 3.5 to4mm. (See fig. 27.) 
The nymphs are pretty easily distinguished by the markings on the 
head, which are very similar to those of the adult. The color is 
+ 
Fig. 27.—The six-spotted leafhopper ( Cicadula 6-notata): a, Adult; b face; c, wing; d, female genitalia; 
e, male genitalia; f, nymph. Allenlarged. (Original.) 
usually a darker green, the head is more rounded, and the abdomen 
is slender. A separation into the different molts has not been 
secured. 
The adults fly readily and probably to considerable distances, and 
at least two records, one in Kentucky and the other in Tennessee, 
show it to be attracted to light. 
The ready migration may lessen the efficiency of rotation and clean 
culture, yet it was noticeable that very few were to be found in fields 
where recent planting or clean culture were the rule. The hopper- 
dozer methods would probably serve well in places where they can 
be applied. 
Empoasca MALI Ie Baron. 
Empoasca mali was first described by Le Baron as a pest to the 
apple, and it has received considerable attention at various times in 
this connection and as a pest to various woody plants. It is also at 
times very destructive to other crops, having been noted on potatoes 
(Osborn), beans (Gillette), soy beans, cowpeas, alfalfa, clover, etc. 
The insect is about 3 mm. in length, of a light grass-green color, 
usually quite brilliant and sometimes iridescent, this color prevailing 
throughout the entire body, but there is a series of whitish spots 
along the front margin of the prothorax, usually six in number, and 
