( xiv. >) 
An extenfive inland navigation by locks and canals, is now become a 
great object of legiflative care in feveral ftates 5 it is to be hoped, that 
fuch perfons may be entrufted with thefe important works; as have a 
perfect theory of hydraulics, and a practical knowledge of local cir- 
_cumftances, among which the force of ice in-winter, and of rainy tor- 
rents in fummer, are to be duly eftimated. . 
As many new towns and villages will gradually rife with the encreafing 
population of the country, their fituation and form fhould be chofen with 
a view to permanent circumftances. A fure fupply of water is one great 
object. If the advantage of ports is defired, enquiry fhould be made 
whether the prefent water-courfes are likely to continue; as in the old 
countries, feveral towns have been immerfed, and others left far within 
land, by the encreafe or diminution of the water, or by the change of 
the channels. Health and conveniency require feveral open fquares, 
wide ftreets, anda direétion of them calculated for fhelter in the winter, 
and for fhade and ventilation in the fervent fummer months. 
Our archite@ture claims the following remarks—The pofition of houfes 
ought to fecure the fanning fummer breeze, and exclude the wintry blaft. 
Another object fhould be to exclude from fummer-rooms, the burning 
fun, during the hotter part of the day. Entries throughout the houte 
are very common, but not generally in directions that beft anfwer thefe 
purpofes. The length, and by frequent intervals, feverity of winter in 
the northern and middle ftates, makes warm rooms not only agreeable, 
but in a degree neceflary. For this purpofe the moft improved chim- 
neys and iron-ftoves are inadequate expedients: efpecially as the open 
kind of thefe, though the more pleafant, yet confume a great quantity 
of wood. The ftoves, which have long been in ufe through Sweden, 
and a part of the neighbouring countries, are unqueftionably the bef 
ever yet devifed: they warm the room uniformly, with a quarter of the 
wood required for thefe laft mentioned ; are free from any difagreeable 
fteams; and have the appearance of elegant furniture*. Larger farms 
require,feveral buildings ; efpecially in cold countries, where ftore-houfes, 
and warm dwellings for domeftic animals are neceflary. If all thefe 
ftru€tures are formed on regular plans calculated for the values of eftates, 
and refpeétive local circumftances, the ufeful and agreeable may be 
united 
“ They are conftruéed by an iron grate-work, and panes of a fine clay fitted therein, 
which are varnifhed according to tafte and ability. At Bethlehem, in Pennfylvania, an infe- 
rior kind of thefe are already in ufe. 
