36 OBSERVATIONS on THE 
by the cenfus,* 41,°.8, to 100: but this inferiority of the 
proportion of perfons under 16 to thofe above that age, 
in Philadelphia, may be attributed to a greater proportion 
of children dying in large cities, than in country places. 
The next circumftance, from which I fhall infer that the 
progrefs of population is much more rapid inthis country, 
than elfewhere, is, that the births exceed the deaths, in 
number, in a fuperior degree, among us.—The Abbé 
D’Expilly, in his eftimate before mentioned, gives the 
births to the deaths, in France, as 100 births to 762%, 
deaths. In the Pais de Vaud, on an average of ten years, 
the proportion was, to roo births, 79,%% deaths. In 
great cities, the degree of mortality is much higher. By 
the tables of births and deaths in Paris, for twenty-two 
years (viz. from 1745 to 1766,) the births and deaths 
give the proportion of 100 of the former, to 993. ‘The 
medium of four other ftatements (two by M. de la Place, 
one by Dr. Price, and the other taken from Anderfon’s 
hiftorical and chronological dedu@tion of the origin of 
commerce,) gives, for Paris, roo births to 100;,°,%, deaths: 
and the Count de Buffon fays, that, in fifty-eight years, 
the deaths in Paris exceeded the births only about “7, part. 
This is a fa orable proportion for fo great a city.—Mr. 
Anderfon has given the numbers of annual births and 
deaths in London, during a term of twenty-fix years ; 
from which it is found, that the deaths exceed the births, 
in that city, at the rate of five to four, very nearly. This 
ftatement, which gives the proportion of births, in Lon- 
don, rather higher than others, fhews, that the mortality 
of that city is about one-fourth greater, than that of Paris. 
At Amfterdam and Berlif, according to Dr. Price, the de- 
gree of mortality is flill higher than in London; there 
being, in the former, to roo births 169,°.°, deaths, and 
in the latter, to 100 births 131 deaths. In the city of 
Norwich, Great-Britainy on a medium of thirty years, 
there 
* Since the cenfus has been compleated, the proportion appears to be 42 5-100 to Loo. 
