CHESHIBE AND CHEYNE, AUGUST, 1885. 26 



to entertain such hopes. It miglit at first seem to the reader that 

 Cheyne was jointly responsible with Cheshire in these statements, 

 but it will be learned later that the responsibility is with tlic latter. 



Cheshire, October 15, 1884. 



In another paper ' which appeared one month later, Cheshire 

 considers the possibility of the transmission of foul brood from 

 drones at the time of mating. He received from a bee keeper a 

 queen that had accompanied a swarm, and after beginning to lay for 

 the new colony she ceased after about 6 square inches of comb had 

 been filled and never laid again. Upon post-mortem examination 

 the ovaries and spermatheca were apparently normal to the naked 

 eye. The contents of the spermatheca were examined under the 

 microscope and many bacilli were found among the spermatozoa. 

 An inflamed condition of the mucous gland and valves was reported 

 to be present, and this fact was given as the probable reason why the 

 oviposition had been arrested. The theory advanced by Cheshire 

 to account for the disease was that the colony had recently cast a 

 swarm unobserved, and that the queen which had been sent him for 

 examination was a young one and in mating had contracted from 

 the drone the condition that was observed microscopically. This 

 supposition seemed probable to him, because he had seen what he 

 identified as being Bacillus alvei among the spermatozoa of drones 

 taken from foul-brood colonies. 



Cheshire cites another case: A queen had been sent to him with 

 the information that she was an old one. Upon examination he con- 

 cluded, on the contrary, that she was young and badly diseased, since 

 among the spermatozoa, as in the first case, many bacilli were ob- 

 served. Naturally from such observations Cheshire did not prove 

 that the cause of foul brood could be transmitted from drone to queen 

 at time of mating. 



Cheshire and Cheyne, August, 1885. 



The paper which was prepared by Cheshire and Cheyne ^ con- 

 jointly, as the result of the work mentioned in this quotation, was 

 read on March 11, 1885, and was published in August, 1885. It 

 appears in two parts. Part I, wTitten by Cheshire, considers the 

 pathogenic history of "Bacillus alvei," and Part II deals with the 

 history of Bacillus alvei under cultivation, which is the portion 

 written by Cheyne. The part wi-itten by Cheshire contains a sum- 



1 Cheshire, Frank R., October 15, ISS-!. A now discovery with regard to bacillus disease. Diseased 

 Bpcrmatheca. British Bee Journal, Vol. XII, No. 156, pp. 355-356. 



» Cheshire, Frank R., F. R. M. S., F. L. S., and Cheyne, W. Watson, M. B., F. R. C. S., August, 1885. 

 The pathogenic history and history under cultivation of a new bacillus (B. alvei), iho cause of a disease of 

 the hive bee hitherto known as foul brood. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, Ser. II, Vol. 

 V, Part 2, Plates X and XI, pp. 581-601. 



