LAMBOTTE, SEPTEMBER 25, 1902. 53 



4. He gives a geographical distribution of foul brood, liaving deter- 

 mined it by the isolation of B. alvei from diseased larvie. 



5. He reports tlie liJiding of Bacillus alvei in the ovaries of queens, 

 and concludes that the eggs in diseased hives might sometimes be 

 affected. 



6. He has given quite a lengthy description of B. alvei. 



7. He was not able to isolate B. alvei from chilled brood as the con- 

 dition is found in the apiary. 



8. He performed various experiments to prove the value of drugs 

 in the treatment of foul brood, with the conclusion that drugs in 

 certain cases — for example, formic acid and beta-naplithol — are 

 undoubtedly very useful, while some others are of very little or no 

 value. 



9. He also reports the successful production of the disease with 

 typical symptoms hy feeding the spores from pure cultures of B. alvei. 



10. He mentions no difficulty in obtaining B. alvei from "foul- 

 brood" material. 



The authors of this bulletin disagree with nearly all of the points 

 made by Harrison. His failure to recognize the fact that the mass 

 of spores, which are always seen in brood dead of American foul brood, 

 do not grow when plate cultures are made, was fatal to liis work. 

 Occasionally colonies of Bacillus alvei do appear on plates, made from 

 this disease, but when they do they appear only in relatively small 

 numbers. 



Lambotte, September 25, 1902. 



A paper by Lambotte ^ caused, at the time it was written, con- 

 siderable discussion among bee keepers. It caused some comment 

 also on the part of others on account of the views wliich he expressed 

 concerning the identity of Bacillus mesentericus vulgaris and Bacillus 

 alvei, and the relation of Bacillus mesentericus vulgaris to foul brood. 



In view of the fact that foul brood seemed to appear unexpectedly 

 away from all known sources of infection, a beekeeping society peti- 

 tioned the minister of agriculture of Belgium to have a new scientific 

 study of foul brood made. Lambotte's work is the result of this 

 petition. From requests made tlu-ough journals, an ample supply 

 of foul-brood samples was received. The diseased larvae in capped 

 cells were recognized by the darkened, sunken, and usually perforated 

 cappings. The brood dead of the disease he describes as being 

 3'ellow or brownish-yellow, viscid, ropy, and emitting a nauseating 

 odor. 



From a stained preparation made from ropy larvae, Lambotte 

 observed a very large number of spores which he supposed were the 



I Lambotte, Dr. Ul., September 25, 1902. Recherches sur lo microbe de la "ioque," maladie dos 

 abeilles. Travail du laboratoire de I'institut de pathologic et de bacteriologie de l'uiiiversit6 do Li6ge. 

 Annales de I'institut Pasteiir, Tome XVI, No. 9, pp. 694-704, 



