WHITE, JANUARY 15, 1904. 63 



emplo^^ed. Until the organism could be further described, and until 

 there was more evidence that there was a causal relation existing 

 between the species and the disease with which it was found asso- 

 ciated, it seemed best to refer to the bacterium as Bacterium " X" 

 and to the disease as "X brood." Seven samples of this disease 

 were studied in 1903, and Bacterium "X" was found by cultures in 

 all of them. 



The disease called "pickled brood" received some further study at 

 this time. The most striking feature in the results was the record of 

 no growth from the cultures. The following is taken from the 

 report : 



The results of the examinations showed that "Aspergillxis pollinis" was not found. 

 Further investigations must be made before any conclusion can be drawn as to the 

 real cause of this trouble. 



Concerning paralysis in adult bees, the following was written: 



The disease known to the apiarists as palsy or paralysis attacks the adult bee. 

 The name is suggestive of the symptoms manifested by the diseased bee. A number 

 of bees affected were received from Messrs. Wright and Stewart taken from apiaries 

 in New York State. Bacteriological examinations have been made of a number of 

 the bees so affected but no conclusions can be drawn from the results thus far obtained 

 as to the cause of this disorder. 



The following is a brief summary of the results obtained during 

 the 3'ear 1903: 



1. Bacillus alvei was found in all samples of European foul brood 

 examined. 



2. A causal relation between Bacillus alvei and European foul 

 brood seemed questionable. 



3. Bacillus alvei was not encountered in any sample of American 

 foul brood. 



4. The sample^ of American foul brood did contain, however, a 

 species which was referred to as Bacterium '^X," in such numbers 

 and with such. constancy as to suggest an etiological relation to the 

 disease. 



5. A growth of this species was obtained on artificial media. 



6. Neither ''black brood" nor ''Bacillus milii" was found. The 

 work of the year seemed to confirm the idea that the so-called " black 

 brood" was simply the foul brood of Cheshire and Cheyne. 



7. The cultural results obtained from the so-called pickled brood 

 were practically negative. 



8. The "Aspergillus follini" named by Howard was not found in 

 any disorder of the brood of bees. 



9. A disease called palsy or paralysis b}'' the bee keepers seemed to 

 be a malady, but no cause was found. 



10. Formaldehyde gas as ordinarily used in the apiary would not 

 insure complete disinfection. 



