ERNE, NOVEMBER, 1906. 75 



Phillips, October 3, 1906. 



In 1906 a brief circular ' was issued by this bureau giving the 

 symptoms and treatment of the two brood diseases. Tliis paper is 

 of interest at this time only because it was tlie first occasion for the 

 use of the names "American foul brood" and "European foul brood" 

 in a publication of the bureau. 



Since the name "black brood" had been, on account of an 

 error, applied (p. 45) to the foul brood which Cheshire and Chcyne 

 (p. 25) described, tlie name "black brood" was no longer needed. 

 The name "foul brood," however, was being applied by the bee 

 keepers (p. 60) to a disease which was clearly different from the foul 

 brood described by Cheshire and Cheyne. This latter disease, there- 

 fore, needed a name. The laws that were in existence in some of 

 the States at that time provided for the inspection of apiaries in 

 which foul brood was found. In order that these laws could be inter- 

 l)reted, in accordance with their intent, to cover the brood diseases 

 of an infectious nature, the name "foul brood" was retained in the 

 names of these two brood diseases. To distinguish the two diseases 

 by name, the adjective "European" was selected for the disease 

 which had been early creditably studied by a European (p. 29) and 

 the adjective "American" was selected for the disease which had 

 been studied by an American (p. 62). These names were chosen only 

 after consultation with a number of the leading bee keepers in 

 America, who agreed that the names were well chosen. 



The words "iVmerican" and "European" were not chosen to sug- 

 gest a geographical distribution of the two diseases, as the opinion 

 was held that both diseases exist in Europe as well as in America. 

 Concerning the selection of tliese names the facts were emphasized in 

 the preface of a paper to be discussed later (p. 76). 



Erne, November, 1906. 



In 1906 Dr. Erne,^ of Freiburg, Germany, reviewed Burri's work 

 on the brood diseases and gave the results of his own investigations. 

 Erne, too, obtained negative results in an attempt to produce "foul 

 brood" with a culture of Bacillus alvei. This species was not found 

 by him in 64 samples of "foul brood" received from different parts 

 of Germany. For these reasons he expresses a doubt concerning any 

 etiological relation between the species and the disease as found in 

 Germany. He found, however, in all samples of the disease a bacte- 

 rium which he thought probably was identical with the one which 



1 Phillips, E. F., Octobers, 190C. The brood diseases of bees. U. S. Dejiartraentor Agriculture, Bureau 

 of Entomology, Circular No. 79. Pp. 5. (Superseded by Farmers' Bulletin 4-12, I'. S. Department of 

 Agriculture, "The treatment of bee diseases.") 



» Erne, Dr. November, 1906. Bakteriologische Untersuehnngen fiber die Faulbrut and die Sauer- 

 brut der Bienen. Die Europaische Bienenzucht, pp. 148-151. 



