INVESTlUATlOiS' OV LIFE 11I8T0KV. 47 



On March 4, 1008, two jars \vcr(^ jciuovcd from tho collar aiul k(!j)t 

 in the laboratory at room tcmjierature. In one of these the fully 

 formed beetle could be soeii in a cavity at the side of the jar. On 

 April 13 this beetle, which ])rovcd to be a female, emerged and fed, and 

 on A])ril IC) the remaininji; beetle, also a female, came to tiu; surface 

 and l)c2;an feedin<]i;. 



The other two jars were not removed until June 0. A dead beetle 

 which had previously emerged was found on the surface of the ground 

 in one of them, while in the other a live male was found in the cavity. 



To check these ex])eriments, three jars, each containing a ])upa, 

 were placed in cold storage September 7, 1007. One ])u])a had trans- 

 formed in a jelly glass 1^ inches below the surface of the earth. This 

 glass was i)ut into a battery jar containing 1 inch of earth and enough 

 more was added around the sides of the jelly glass to make the earth 

 level in both jars. The second pupa had transformed in earth, in a 

 jelly glass, and the third pupa, in a battery jar, was located in a 

 cavity 2 inches below the surface of the earth. On June 5, 1908, all 

 the jars were removed from cold storage. The pu]m in each case 

 was dead. In one of the glasses, and in the battery jar, the earth 

 w^as very dry. The death of the pupa? w^as due presumably to the 

 sudden reduction in teni})erature to about 28° F.,no risein temperature 

 being noted during the entire ])eriod of storage. 



These experiments indicate tJuit the C'alosoma beetles normally 

 emerge from the pu])a in the fall and hibernate in the adult form dur- 

 ing tlie winter, as this was the case in the first set of exj^eriments, eA^en 

 though the temperature was reduced considerabh^ below^ normal. 



Length of Time Spent by Calosoma sycophanta in the Pupal Stage. 



It is somewhat difficult to ascertain the exact length of time s])ent 

 in the ])U)>al stage, for the reason that several days ela]>se from the 

 time the larva stops feeding until actual pupation takes place. 



In the season of 1910 notes were made on eight larvae that puj)ated 

 in jars of eartJi in sucli ])Ositions tliat their movements could be 

 observed. The length of time from cessation of feeding until pupation 

 actually took place was from 7 to 15 days, the ave^-age time being 

 10^ days. In one case a larva ])upated on Juh^ 27. 1908. On August 

 2 the legs were becoming darker in color, and on August 4 a female 

 l)eetle emerged. The elytra were still soft, and some little time was 

 rerpiired for the beetle to become fully develoj)ed and active. A few 

 days later it entered the ground and formed a cavit}^, where it remained 

 for hibernation. In two other cases from 10 to 11 days were required 

 for the ]Hi])a to pass through that stage. 



On August 20, 1909, a fully formed pui)a was found in a cell under 

 a board in one of the out-of-doors cages, and careful notes were made 



