ARTIFICIALLY SPREADINO FUNGOUS DISEASES. 51 



leaves, " as leaves' Ixnuiiii^ lly larvje. and ])U])a> infectiul witlv fuiijj^i are 

 popularly ealled, arc ])la(^e(l in water, all()W(>tl to soak a vaiyiii<^ l(ui<^tli 

 of time, and then shaken or stirred vifj;oroiisly Tor from three to live 

 mhiiites in order that tlie s])ores may be washed from llir, piistxd(^s, or, 

 if brown fungus is used, that in addition small ])ieces of the mycelia 

 may be separated from the leaves. After the leaves have been 

 thoroughly agitated by shaking or stirring, the mixtin-e is earefully 

 strained, if it is to be applied as a spray, like ordiiiaiy^ insecticides; or, 

 if the dipping or brushmg methods are to bo followed, merely poured 

 into the fmal receptacle, togetlier with the leaves and fungus. This 

 stock mixture is then diluted to the desired strength. 



In securing infections with the brown fungus, infections have been 

 secured b}' Using ground fungous hnives. In preparmg water mixtures 

 of the mycelia in this way, the leaves are fii'st passed through an 

 ordinaiy meat grinder or similar instrument. During this process 

 the leaves are thoroughly ground into small jjarticles. Tlie ground 

 leaves may be shaken in a jar, then poured into a bucket, thoroughly 

 stirred, and the resultmg mixture used for dipjDing the ends of white- 

 fly infected branches. 



As the s])ores are veiy readily gotten into solution, no special a23i)a- 

 rattis is necessary. The anthoi-s have found an ordmary 2-quart fruit 

 jar veiy convenient when no more than .3 or 4 gallons of solution are 

 desired at any one time. The fungous leaves are placed in the jar 

 previously half fUled with water, the top screwed on, and the contents 

 shaken the desired length of time. In making larger amounts of 

 spray, an ordmaiy wajhtub is a convenient retainer; the leaves beuig 

 thrown into the tub half filled with water and vigorously stirred with 

 a stick or board. The solution is then strained through a wine 

 strainer hito the spray pump and is ready for application. 



Means and methods of apjjlying water mixtures of spores. — For those 

 who have only a few trees into wliich they wish to introduce fungi and 

 do not care to go to the expense of purchasuig spray pumps, veiy 

 satisfactoiy results will be obtamed by the use of an orduuxiy wooden 

 bucket half filled with spore solution into which the badly mfested 

 outer shoots of the tree are dipped. In using the brushing method an 

 ordinaiy whisk broom, or even a bunch of leafy twigs, in addition to 

 the bucket, is all that is necessaiy. 



In spraying the spores into the trees, the authors have used ordi- 

 naiy knapsack sprayers, compressed-air sprayere, and barrel pumps. 

 There is little choice between these sprayere from the stand])oint of 

 infection secured, and the sprayer used has depended largely in)on the 



1 The danger of introducing by means of fungous leaves either the citrus or cloudy-winged white fly into 

 sections or groves where both do not occur is very great. Wlien a grove is infested by only one species, the 

 danger of introducing the other by this means may 1x3 obviated by scraping the red and yellow Aschersonia 

 pustules from the leaves or by crushing the leaves, particularly those infected with brown fimgus, in a meat 

 chopper. 



